WorksheetsBiology 1st sem Model exam
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
Identify the incorrect statement regarding the structural and functional differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries have thicker walls than veins
Veins generally have a wider lumen (internal diameter) than arteries
Capillaries have thinner walls than both arteries and veins
Arteries have a valves, while veins have pulse
Which of the following pairs correctly links a disease with a way to prevent its transmission?
Malaria ↔ cooking meat properly before it is eaten
Gastroenteritis ↔ restricting sexual partners
Tuberculosis ↔ move away from overcrowded living conditions
Tapeworm ↔ having screens on doors and windows
Which one of the following phylum is known for having jointed limbs?
Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Annelida
Phylum Coelenterata
Which ecological pyramid best represents the total mass of living organisms at each successive trophic level within an ecosystem?
Pyramid of number
Pyramid of biomass
Food pyramid
Pyramid of energy
Which one of the following is incorrect about meiotic cell division?
Helps in growth, replacement and repair of warn out cells
Take place in germ cell found reproductive organ
Reduce the chromosome number of parent cell by half
Result in genetically different 4 daughter cells per division
In a plant with pure round genotype is test crossed (R=round, r= wrinkled). What is the expected result?
75% round and 25% wrinkled
50% round and 25% wrinkled
50% round and 50% wrinkled
All of the offspring will be round
In a typical plant leaf, which tissue layer is characterized by numerous large intercellular air spaces?
Spongy mesophyll
Palisade mesophyll
Epidermis
Bundle sheath
Which of the following statement is true about xylem?
It carries minerals from leaves to the roots
It carries sugars from roots to the leaves
It carries water from roots to the leaves
It carries food from leaves to the roots
Which of the following plant hormone is incorrectly paired with its function?
Auxin ↔ responsible for apical dominance
Ethylene ↔ promotes fruit ripening
Abscisic acid ↔ promote root formation in cuttings
Gibberellins ↔ promotes shoot elongation
The growth movement of plant towards or away from the source of a stimulus is;
Reflex
Taxis
Stimulation
Tropism
In which types of asexual reproduction do unfertilized eggs develop into new offspring, as in some insects and vertebrates?
Budding
Parthenogenesis
Fragmentation
Binary fission
One of the following is not an action of insulin?
Activates hepatic gluconeogenesis
Increase conversion of glucose into glycogen and deposition of it in the body
Increase the rate of oxidation of glucose in the tissues.
Stimulates the rate of conversion of glucose into fat
Valine and leucine are two amino acids that both have a non-polar side chain. What type of strong non-covalent bond is formed between these two non-polar amino acids side chains, to help to stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein?
Hydrogen bonds
Disulphide bridges
Hydrophobic interaction
Ionic bonds
According to Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics, the velocity of an enzyme catalyse reaction at any time equal to Vmax times substrate concentration divided by Km plus substrate concentration. What does km indicate?
Concentration of substrate at half Vmax
The rate of reaction at half of Vmax
Maximal catalytic rates achieved
Concentration of substrate at Vmax
Which of the following food processing enzymes is commonly used to clarify fruit juices?
Protease
Ligninase
Trypsin
Pectinase
Which of the following is produced with the combination of apoenzyme and coenzyme?
Prosthetic group
Enzyme substrate complex
Holoenzyme
Enzyme product complex
Which of the following mechanisms do cell use to regulate enzyme catalyze reactions in metabolic pathway?
Enzyme denaturation
End product inhibition
Irreversible inhibition
Competitive inhibition
Which one of the following levels of protein structure is characterized by the sequence of amino acids linked together to form a polypeptide chain through peptide bonds created during the protein biosynthesis process?
Secondary structure
Primary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Which one of the following types of enzyme regulation alters enzyme activity by the addition or removal of chemical groups?
Allosteric enzymes
Competitive inhibition
Uncompetitive inhibition
Covalent modification
Which one of the following types of RNA transcribes genetic information from DNA in the nucleus with the help of enzyme RNA polymerase?
Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Double strand RNA
According to Mendel, crossing between F1 individual with either of the two parents is called:
Backcross
Segregation
Dominance
Independent assortment
Which of the following cellular processes takes place during the S-phase of cell cycle?
Nucleotide and histone accumulation
Protein synthesis and cell growth
Nuclear division and cytoplasmic division
Chromosome and centrosome duplication
According to the central dogma of molecular biology, which of the following represents the flow of genetic information in cells?
DNA to RNA then to protein
Protein to DNA then to RNA
RNA to DNA then to protein
DNA to protein then to RNA
What is the term for a group of interacting individuals of the same species living in a particular area?
Community
Population
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Which of the following factors is an example of density dependent population regulation?
Pollution
Weather
Earthquake
Predation
Which one of the following types of population pyramid has a broad base and a narrow top?
Expansive population pyramid
Constrictive population pyramid
Stationary population pyramid
Conducive population pyramid
Which transport system is important for the plant to absorb mineral ions from the soil?
Osmosis
Active transport
Diffusion
Passive transport
When treating a severe bacterial infection, a physician might choose antibiotics that actively eliminate the bacteria. These antibiotics, which result in bacterial death, are classified as:
Bacteriostatic
Bactericidal
Vaccines
Toxins
Identify the statement that is not a defining characteristic of archaea.
Their cell walls contain true peptidoglycan
They are prokaryotic organisms.
They exhibit the capacity to inhabit extreme environmental conditions
They reproduce through binary fission, budding, or fragmentation
This question is based on the sequence of events during viral replication: I. Attachment of virus to the host cell; II. The entry of virions or their genome into host cells; III. X; IV. The assembly of newly synthesized viral components into complete virions; V. The departure of new virions from host cells. Which of the following best represents the step listed as X?
The synthesis of new nucleic acid and other viral components within host cells
Coating of virus
Maturation of the virions
Adsorption of virus to the membrane
During which of the following processes in cellular respiration are most of the ATPs formed?
Glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation
Link reaction
Krebs cycle
Which one of the following products is produced in all glycolysis, link reaction and Krebs cycle?
Carbon dioxide
NADH
FADH
ATP
Which of the following nutrients undergoes beta‑oxidation to release energy?
Lipid
Protein
Carbohydrate
Acetyl CoA
The purpose of having multiple pigments in photosynthetic cells is:
To create different colors for flower petals
To absorb a wider range of sunlight wavelengths
To attract pollinators
To store excess energy from photosynthesis
Photophosphorylation is the process of producing ATP molecules from ADP during photosynthesis in the presence of light energy. There are two types of photophosphorylation: cyclic and non‑cyclic. In which way are the two photophosphorylation processes different?
Cyclic photophosphorylation takes place in thylakoid, while non‑cyclic photophosphorylation takes place in the stroma
Cyclic photophosphorylation produces more than one products, while non‑cyclic photophosphorylation produces only one product
Both cyclic photophosphorylation and non‑cyclic photophosphorylation involve photolysis and ATP production
Non‑cyclic produces ATP, NADPH and oxygen, while cyclic photophosphorylation produces ATP only
The ultimate source of electrons that replaces those lost from Photosystem I during cyclic photophosphorylation is:
Photosystem II
Photosystem I
Water
Chlorophyll molecule
Which of the following plants have Rubisco enzyme used to fix carbon in the bundle sheath cells?
C3 plant
CAM plant
C4 plant
C3 and C4 plant
The light‑independent stage of photosynthesis takes place in the:
Thylakoid
Matrix
Bundle sheath
Stroma
Molecules like DNA and proteins show remarkable similarities across different species. This finding supports which evidence for evolution?
Artificial selection
Comparative anatomy
Comparative biochemistry
Vestigial structures
A common isotope used in radiometric dating is carbon‑14, which has a half‑life of 5,730 years. An ancient wooden spear tip is found to have 12.5% of its original carbon‑14 remaining. What is the age of the fossil?
17,190 years old
11,460 years old
28,650 years old
34,380 years old
Which one of the following is not true about Lucy?
She is a fossil dated about 3.2 million years
She was an adult female about 25 years
Her pelvis, femur and tibia show that she was not bipedal
Her skeleton was about 40% complete
A double‑layer outer tough, fibrous, connective tissue meninges is:
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater
Subarachnoid mater
Imagine you are outside on a sunny day and having trouble reading your textbook. In bright light, which one of the following happens?
The pupil is pulled open wide (it dilates)
The circular muscles of the iris contract
The radial muscles contract
The iris stops regulating the size of the pupil
Answer the following question using the human ear structure shown. Which one of the following structures is represented by the letter X in the image?
Auditory nerve
Cochlea
Semicircular canal
Sacculus
Which one of the following regulates circadian rhythms?
Thymus gland
Pancreas
Parathyroid gland
Pineal gland
In which part of the kidney does the main water reabsorption take place to maintain your body’s water balance?
Bowman’s capsule
First coiled tubule
Loop of Henle
Second coiled tubule
As fluid travels through the nephron, the concentration of some components in the urine changes. Which of the following components becomes more concentrated as urine travels down the nephron?
Water
Glucose
Urea
Protein
Which one of the following greenhouse gases is emitted from the use of fertilizer and animal waste?
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Methane (CH4)
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Which of the following is not a direct consequence of man-made climate change, but rather a secondary or indirect effect?
Rising sea levels
Rising maximum temperatures
Increasing spread of pests
Increase in heavy precipitation
Climate change is expected to negatively impact most aspects of agriculture. Which of the following is likely to increases due to climate change?
Soil fertility
Sufficiency rates
Farm ret revenue
Production gap
