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M9.8 (ii) Small Intestine — Worksheet Extraction

Total questions: 167

Worksheet time: 1hrs 24mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The alimentary canal is contained within the abdominal or ______ cavity.

a)

Pleural

b)

Peritoneal

c)

Pericardial

d)

Cranial

e)

Pelvic

2.

The thoracic and peritoneal cavities are separated by the:

a)

Liver

b)

Diaphragm

c)

Spleen

d)

Pancreas

e)

Omentum

3.

The peritoneal cavity is lined with a smooth endothelium also called the:

a)

Adventitia

b)

Serosa

c)

Mucosa

d)

Submucosa

e)

Perichondrium

4.

The outermost layer of the serosa lining the peritoneal cavity is the:

a)

Keratin

b)

Mesothelium

c)

Epithelium of villi

d)

Endosteum

e)

Perichondrium

5.

The outer layer lining the body wall of the peritoneal cavity is called the:

a)

Visceral peritoneum

b)

Parietal peritoneum

c)

Mesentery

d)

Seromucosa

e)

Lamina propria

6.

The layer covering the abdominal organs is called the:

a)

Parietal peritoneum

b)

Visceral peritoneum

c)

Periosteum

d)

Endometrium

e)

Myometrium

7.

A smooth serosal lining with mesothelium is most directly associated with the:

a)

Peritoneal cavity

b)

Spinal canal

c)

Nasal cavity

d)

Oral cavity

e)

Middle ear

8.

Which statement best matches the slide description of the alimentary canal in the abdomen?

a)

It lies outside the peritoneal cavity

b)

It is contained within the peritoneal cavity

c)

It is contained within the thoracic cavity

d)

It lies within the cranial cavity

e)

It lies only within the pelvic cavity

9.

The term 'serosa' on the slides refers to:

a)

A smooth lining of a cavity

b)

A muscle layer

c)

A gland in the submucosa

d)

A fold of mucosa only

e)

A lymph node aggregate

10.

The serosa has an outermost layer specifically named:

a)

Goblet cells

b)

Mesothelium

c)

Paneth cells

d)

Enterocytes

e)

Stem cells

11.

The total length of the small intestine is about:

a)

0.9 m

b)

2 m

c)

3 m

d)

5 m

e)

10 m

12.

The small intestine is divided into how many parts?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

e)

6

13.

The first part of the small intestine beyond the pylorus is the:

a)

Jejunum

b)

Ileum

c)

Duodenum

d)

Caecum

e)

Colon

14.

Correct order from proximal to distal is:

a)

Ileum → jejunum → duodenum

b)

Duodenum → jejunum → ileum

c)

Jejunum → duodenum → ileum

d)

Duodenum → ileum → jejunum

e)

Jejunum → ileum → duodenum

15.

The jejunum follows the:

a)

Ileum

b)

Duodenum

c)

Stomach fundus

d)

Caecum

e)

Colon

16.

The ileum is described as:

a)

Shortest section

b)

Final and longest section

c)

Absent in adults

d)

Located in the thoracic cavity

e)

A gland

17.

Approximate length of the jejunum given is:

a)

0.3 m

b)

0.9 m

c)

2 m

d)

3 m

e)

4 m

18.

Approximate length of the ileum given is:

a)

0.9 m

b)

1.2 m

c)

2 m

d)

3 m

e)

21 cm

19.

The duodenum is described as a curved tube about:

a)

21 cm long

b)

0.9 m long

c)

2 m long

d)

3 m long

e)

10 cm long

20.

The duodenum diameter given is closest to:

a)

1 cm

b)

2 cm

c)

4 cm

d)

8 cm

e)

12 cm

21.

The basic plan of the gut wall includes mucosa, submucosa, muscular layers, and a:

a)

Cartilage plate

b)

Serous covering

c)

Bone lamella

d)

Keratin layer

e)

Synovial capsule

22.

The small intestine is suspended by folds of:

a)

Periosteum

b)

Mesentery

c)

Endosteum

d)

Tendon sheath

e)

Pleura

23.

A special feature of the small intestine is circularly arranged folds of mucosa and submucosa called:

a)

Rugae

b)

Plicae circulares

c)

Haustra

d)

Teniae coli

e)

Peyer nodules

24.

Plicae circulares are composed of:

a)

Mucosa only

b)

Submucosa only

c)

Mucosa and submucosa

d)

Muscularis externa only

e)

Serosa only

25.

Mucosa of the small intestine has many finger-like projections called:

a)

Haustra

b)

Villi

c)

Rugae

d)

Papillae of Vater

e)

Canaliculi

26.

Villi are described on the slide as continually:

a)

Calcifying

b)

Contracting and lengthening

c)

Keratinizing

d)

Fusing

e)

Ossifying

27.

The primary purpose of villi is to:

a)

Decrease pH

b)

Increase surface area

c)

Secrete bile

d)

Store glycogen

e)

Form cartilage

28.

Compared with ileum, the jejunum has:

a)

No villi

b)

More villi and highly developed plicae circulares

c)

No plicae circulares

d)

Only Brunner glands

e)

Only Peyer patches

29.

As you progress distally along the small intestine, plicae and villi become:

a)

More obvious and more numerous

b)

Less obvious and less numerous

c)

Unchanged

d)

Replaced by haustra

e)

Replaced by rugae

30.

Prominent lymph nodes in the ileum are called:

a)

Brunner glands

b)

Peyer patches

c)

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

d)

Gastric pits

e)

Islets of Langerhans

31.

In the duodenum submucosa, compound branched tubular glands are called:

a)

Goblet glands

b)

Brunner glands

c)

Lieberkuhn glands

d)

Paneth glands

e)

Pyloric glands

32.

Brunner glands secrete mucin that primarily:

a)

Digests proteins

b)

Protects duodenum from acidic chyme

c)

Absorbs fats

d)

Forms bile

e)

Produces CCK

33.

The pancreas lies within the loop of the:

a)

Jejunum

b)

Duodenum

c)

Ileum

d)

Colon

34.

Pancreatic and bile ducts enter the duodenum via a common duct near the pylorus at the:

a)

Ileocecal valve

b)

Papilla of Vater (major duodenal papilla)

c)

Pyloric sphincter

d)

Appendix

e)

Teniae coli

35.

The papilla of Vater is also known as the:

a)

Minor duodenal papilla

b)

Major duodenal papilla

c)

Peyer patch

d)

Plica circularis

e)

Gastric ruga

36.

On the diagram, an additional opening besides the major papilla is labeled as the:

a)

Minor duodenal papilla

b)

Ileocecal valve

c)

Cardiac sphincter

d)

Anal valve

e)

Cricopharyngeal sphincter

37.

The duct shown delivering bile into the duodenum is the:

a)

Pancreatic duct

b)

Bile duct

c)

Ureter

d)

Hepatic vein

e)

Portal vein

38.

The main pancreatic duct on the diagram opens into the duodenum at the:

a)

Major duodenal papilla

b)

Peyer patches

c)

Plicae circulares

d)

Appendix

e)

Haustra

39.

The accessory pancreatic duct on the diagram is associated with the:

a)

Major duodenal papilla

b)

Minor duodenal papilla

c)

Ileocecal valve

d)

Pylorus

e)

Cardia

40.

The common channel that receives bile and pancreatic secretions before entering the duodenum is labeled as the:

a)

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

b)

Thoracic duct

c)

Cystic duct

d)

Hepatic portal vein

e)

Lacteal

41.

The luminal face of villi is lined by ______ epithelial cells.

a)

Squamous

b)

Columnar

c)

Transitional

d)

Cuboidal only

e)

Pseudostratified ciliated

42.

The brush border of the villi is formed by:

a)

Cilia

b)

Microvilli

c)

Flagella

d)

Keratin

e)

Basement membrane folds

43.

Mucus-secreting cells abundant in the villus epithelium are:

a)

Enterocytes

b)

Goblet cells

c)

Paneth cells

d)

Parietal cells

e)

Chief cells

44.

Crypts of Lieberkuhn are located:

a)

At the tip of villi

b)

At the base of villi

c)

In the serosa

d)

In the muscularis externa

e)

In the mesentery

45.

Crypts of Lieberkuhn are described as short glands extending to the:

a)

Serosa

b)

Muscularis mucosa

c)

Outer longitudinal muscle

d)

Subserosa

e)

Mesothelium

46.

Which of the following is NOT listed as a cell type lining the crypts?

a)

Epithelial cells

b)

Goblet cells

c)

Stem cells

d)

Paneth cells

e)

Hepatocytes

47.

Paneth cells contain zymogen granules with:

a)

Amylase

b)

Lysozyme

c)

Pepsin

d)

Trypsinogen

e)

Intrinsic factor

48.

Lysozyme in Paneth cells is described as:

a)

Bacteriocidal

b)

Acid neutralizing

c)

Fat emulsifying

d)

Hormone secreting

e)

Oxygen binding

49.

Enteroendocrine cells in duodenal crypts secrete:

a)

Insulin and glucagon

b)

Secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)

c)

Gastrin only

d)

Pepsinogen only

e)

Aldosterone only

50.

Enterocytes are another name for:

a)

Goblet cells

b)

Columnar epithelial cells specialized for absorption

c)

Paneth cells

d)

Mesothelial cells

e)

Smooth muscle cells

51.

Which pair best matches 'cell type → product' from the slide?

a)

Goblet cells → lysozyme

b)

Paneth cells → antimicrobial beta-defensins

c)

Enterocytes → mucus

d)

Brunner glands → CCK

e)

Enteroendocrine cells → bile

52.

Brunner glands produce:

a)

Thin alkaline mucus

b)

Lysozyme

c)

Secretin

d)

CCK

e)

Hydrochloric acid

53.

Goblet cells are found in:

a)

Submucosa only

b)

All parts of small intestine mucosa

c)

Serosa only

d)

Muscularis externa only

e)

Only ileum

54.

Paneth cells are found primarily in:

a)

Villus tip

b)

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

c)

Submucosa

d)

Serosa

e)

Mesentery

55.

Enteroendocrine cells in the slide are specifically located in:

a)

Duodenal crypts

b)

Jejunal plicae only

c)

Ileal Peyer patches only

d)

Serosa

e)

Mesothelium

56.

The connective tissue core of a villus is the:

a)

Submucosa

b)

Lamina propria

c)

Muscularis externa

d)

Serosa

e)

Mesothelium

57.

A lacteal in a villus is described as a finger-like:

a)

Arterial projection

b)

Lymphatic projection

c)

Nerve fiber

d)

Smooth muscle bundle

e)

Bile canaliculus

58.

The arteriole in a villus primarily:

a)

Ferries blood away

b)

Brings blood into the capillary

c)

Carries lymph away

d)

Secretes mucus

e)

Forms microvilli

59.

The arteriole gives off multiple:

a)

Side branch capillaries

b)

Bile ducts

c)

Lacteals

d)

Crypts

e)

Osteons

60.

The venule in a villus primarily:

a)

Brings blood into the capillary

b)

Ferries blood away from the villus

c)

Carries lymph into the villus

d)

Forms plicae

e)

Secretes lysozyme

61.

All capillaries in the villus join the:

a)

Arteriole

b)

Venule

c)

Lacteal

d)

Submucosal gland

e)

Muscularis mucosa

62.

Lacteals are found within the:

a)

Lamina propria of villi

b)

Muscularis externa

c)

Serosa

d)

Parietal peritoneum

e)

Diaphragm

63.

The slide label for the villus epithelium refers to:

a)

Mesothelial cells

b)

Enterocytes

c)

Osteocytes

d)

Neutrophils

e)

Myocytes

64.

Which structure is part of the mucosa and increases absorptive area the most directly?

a)

Outer longitudinal muscle

b)

Villi with microvilli

c)

Parietal peritoneum

d)

Submucosal glands only

e)

Mesentery folds only

65.

Peyer patches are located within the:

a)

Duodenal submucosa

b)

Ileal mucosa/lamina propria region

c)

Serosa only

d)

Muscularis externa only

e)

Peritoneal cavity

66.

Brunner glands are characteristic of the:

a)

Jejunum

b)

Ileum

c)

Duodenum

d)

Colon

e)

Stomach

67.

Prominent lymphoid aggregates are characteristic of the:

a)

Duodenum

b)

Jejunum

c)

Ileum

d)

Stomach

e)

Oesophagus

68.

As you move from duodenum to ileum, villi become:

a)

More numerous

b)

Less numerous

c)

Replaced by haustra

d)

Absent in jejunum

e)

Unchanged

69.

As you move along the small intestine, plicae circulares become:

a)

More obvious

b)

Less obvious

c)

Converted into rugae

d)

Converted into haustra

e)

Replaced by gastric pits

70.

Which feature is specifically described as a fold of mucosa and submucosa?

a)

Villus

b)

Plica circularis

c)

Crypt of Lieberkuhn

d)

Lacteal

e)

Papilla of Vater

71.

The inner tissue of the mucosa includes villi, crypts of Lieberkuhn, columnar epithelium, and:

a)

Mesothelium

b)

Microvilli

c)

Hyaline cartilage

d)

Osteons

e)

Teniae coli

72.

The mucosa outer tissue includes lamina propria and:

a)

Brunner glands

b)

Lacteals and capillaries

c)

Neural arch

d)

Osteocytes

e)

Epiphyseal plates

73.

In the ileum, the mucosa outer tissue includes:

a)

Brunner glands

b)

Peyer patches

c)

Gastric glands

d)

Haustra

e)

Rugae

74.

The submucosa is primarily:

a)

Smooth muscle

b)

Connective tissue

c)

Cartilage

d)

Bone

e)

Epithelium

75.

Brunner glands are located in the:

a)

Mucosa

b)

Submucosa

c)

Muscularis externa

d)

Serosa

e)

Peritoneal cavity

76.

The muscularis externa includes an inner layer of:

a)

Smooth longitudinal muscle

b)

Smooth circular muscle

c)

Skeletal muscle

d)

Cardiac muscle

e)

Mesothelium

77.

The muscularis externa includes an outer layer of:

a)

Smooth circular muscle

b)

Smooth longitudinal muscle

c)

Skeletal muscle

d)

Epithelium

e)

Cartilage

78.

The serosa outer tissue listed in the histology table is:

a)

Mesothelium

b)

Goblet cells

c)

Enterocytes

d)

Brunner glands

e)

Peyer patches

79.

Muscularis mucosa is composed of:

a)

Connective tissue

b)

Smooth muscle

c)

Cartilage

d)

Bone

e)

Stratified squamous epithelium

80.

Crypts of Lieberkuhn extend down to the:

a)

Serosa

b)

Muscularis mucosa

c)

Outer longitudinal muscle

d)

Subserosal fat

e)

Mesothelium

81.

Which layer is directly external to the mucosa?

a)

Serosa

b)

Submucosa

c)

Peritoneal cavity

d)

Mesothelium

e)

Lamina propria

82.

Which sequence correctly lists layers from lumen outward (simplified from slide)?

a)

Serosa → muscularis externa → submucosa → mucosa

b)

Mucosa → submucosa → muscular layers → serosa

c)

Submucosa → mucosa → serosa → muscular layers

d)

Muscularis externa → mucosa → submucosa → serosa

e)

Mucosa → serosa → submucosa → muscular layers

83.

The serous covering of the small intestine is described as being suspended by folds of:

a)

Rugae

b)

Mesentery

c)

Haustra

d)

Teniae coli

e)

Gastric pits

84.

In the duodenum histology image labels include mucosa, submucosa and:

a)

Bone marrow

b)

Muscularis mucosa

c)

Cartilage plate

d)

Pleura

e)

Dermis

85.

Which labeled layer is thickest in the duodenum histology image?

a)

Mucosa

b)

Submucosa

c)

Muscularis externa

d)

Mesothelium

e)

Lamina propria

86.

The function of the small intestine stated is to digest food and absorb products on the:

a)

Rugae

b)

Intestinal villi

c)

Teniae coli

d)

Haustra

e)

Gastric pits

87.

Chyme enters the duodenum and mixes with bile and pancreatic secretions totaling about:

a)

0.2 L/day

b)

1.8 L/day

c)

2.0 L/day

d)

3.0 L/day

e)

5.0 L/day

88.

Secretions of the small intestine itself (succus entericus) are approximately:

a)

0.5 L/day

b)

1.0 L/day

c)

2 L/day

d)

4 L/day

e)

10 L/day

89.

Brunner glands secrete alkaline mucus with pH approximately:

a)

1.5-2.0

b)

4.0-5.0

c)

8.8-9.3

d)

7.0-7.4

e)

10.5-11.0

90.

Brunner gland secretion raises the pH of chyme to about:

a)

2.0

b)

3.5

c)

5.5

d)

7.4

e)

9.0

91.

The slide notes that a pH around 5.5 is ______ for the operation of pancreatic enzymes.

a)

Optimal

b)

Less than optimal

c)

Required

d)

Completely inhibitory

e)

Unrelated

92.

Lower regions of the ileum become more acidic due to production of organic acids by:

a)

Liver cells

b)

Bacteria

c)

Paneth cells

d)

Enteroendocrine cells

e)

Goblet cells

93.

The small intestine movements listed include segmenting contractions and:

a)

Haustral churning

b)

Propulsive movements

c)

Reverse peristalsis only

d)

Swallowing

e)

Defecation reflex

94.

Segmenting contractions are described as localized constrictions that cut the intestine into:

a)

Villi

b)

Segments

c)

Haustra

d)

Plicae

e)

Papillae

95.

Propulsive movements are described as peristaltic waves that force chyme towards the colon at speeds up to:

a)

0.2 cm/s

b)

1 cm/s

c)

2 cm/s

d)

5 cm/s

e)

10 cm/s

96.

Although peristaltic waves may reach 2 cm/s, net movement averages about:

a)

2 cm/s

b)

2 cm/min

c)

1 cm/min

d)

1 cm/s

e)

0.1 cm/min

97.

Time course for chyme from pylorus to ileocecal valve is between:

a)

30-60 min

b)

1-2 hrs

c)

3-5 hrs

d)

8-10 hrs

e)

12-24 hrs

98.

All small intestine movements lead to enzymatic breakdown of food and ______ of products by enterocytes.

a)

Secretion

b)

Absorption

c)

Calcification

99.

The ileocecal valve is reached by chyme after approximately:

a)

3-5 hours

b)

10-15 minutes

c)

24 hours

d)

30 seconds

e)

1 week

100.

Which movement best matches: 'localized constrictions tending to cut the intestine into segments'?

a)

Propulsive movement

b)

Segmenting contraction

c)

Swallowing

d)

Gastric mixing

e)

Colonic haustration

101.

Which tissue forms the outermost covering (serosa) of the small intestine?

a)

Epithelial tissue only

b)

Pseudostratified epithelium

c)

Endothelium

d)

Adventitia only

e)

Mesothelium

102.

Which term describes the outermost covering of organs within the peritoneal cavity?

a)

Parietal pleura

b)

Endocardium

c)

Visceral peritoneum

d)

Tunica adventitia

e)

Meninges

103.

The peritoneal cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by the:

a)

Pelvic floor

b)

Iliac crest

c)

Visceral peritoneum

d)

Diaphragm

e)

Mediastinum

104.

Approximate total length of the small intestine in adults?

a)

About 3 metres

b)

About 0.5 metres

c)

About 10 metres

d)

About 30 centimetres

e)

About 5 metres

105.

Which is the first part of the small intestine immediately after the pylorus?

a)

Jejunum

b)

Duodenum

c)

Ileum

d)

Caecum

e)

Fundus

106.

Which of the following accurately lists the three parts of the small intestine in order from proximal to distal?

a)

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

b)

Jejunum, Duodenum, Ileum

c)

Ileum, Jejunum, Duodenum

d)

Stomach, Duodenum, Jejunum

e)

Duodenum, Ileum, Jejunum

107.

Which circularly arranged folds increase surface area in the small intestine?

a)

Villi

b)

Microvilli

c)

Plicae circulares

d)

Crypts of Lieberkühn

e)

Lacteals

108.

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the small intestine wall?

a)

Mucosa

b)

Submucosa

c)

Muscularis externa

d)

Serosa

e)

Endocardium

109.

Which statement about plicae circulares is TRUE?

a)

They are folds of mucosa and submucosa

b)

They are folds of serosa only

c)

They are present only in the ileum

d)

They secrete digestive enzymes

e)

They are identical to microvilli

110.

The muscularis externa of the small intestine contains which arrangement of muscle?

a)

Only a single layer of smooth muscle

b)

Inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle

c)

Striated skeletal muscle

d)

Multiple random bundles

e)

No muscle layer

111.

What type of glands are found in the submucosa of the duodenum?

a)

Paneth glands

b)

Goblet glands

c)

Crypt glands

d)

Brunner's glands

e)

Peyer's patches

112.

Brunner's glands secrete which of the following to protect the duodenum?

a)

Mucin (alkaline mucus)

b)

Hydrochloric acid

c)

Bile

d)

Pepsin

e)

Insulin

113.

Which structure lies within the loop of the duodenum?

a)

Spleen

b)

Pancreas

c)

Stomach

d)

Ileum

e)

Appendix

114.

Through which opening do the pancreatic and bile ducts enter the duodenum?

a)

Ileocecal valve

b)

Minor duodenal papilla only

c)

Papilla of Vater (major duodenal papilla)

d)

Pyloric sphincter

e)

Ampulla of Vater only

115.

Which glands are characteristic of the duodenum but not of the jejunum or ileum?

a)

Brunner's glands

b)

Crypts of Lieberkühn

c)

Paneth glands

d)

Goblet glands

e)

Peyer's patches

116.

Which organ's ducts enter the duodenum near the papilla of Vater?

a)

Stomach

b)

Jejunum

c)

Liver and pancreas (bile and pancreatic ducts)

d)

Spleen

e)

Ileum

117.

Which of the following is a correct pairing of cell/gland with location?

a)

Peyer's patches — duodenum

b)

Brunner's glands — ileum

c)

Brunner's glands — duodenum submucosa

d)

Paneth cells — serosa

e)

Enteroendocrine cells — serosa

118.

Which organ displays the labelled structures: cystic duct, fundus, body, neck, common bile duct, and gallbladder connected to duodenum?

a)

Liver and gallbladder system adjacent to duodenum

b)

Spleen system

c)

Pancreatic tail only

d)

Large intestine

e)

Stomach only

119.

Which part of the small intestine has the most developed plicae circulares and more villi?

a)

Jejunum

b)

Duodenum

c)

Ileum

d)

Colon

e)

Rectum

120.

Which part of the small intestine contains Peyer's patches?

a)

Duodenum

b)

Jejunum

c)

Ileum

d)

Stomach

e)

Colon

121.

Which layer contains Peyer's patches in the ileum?

a)

Lamina propria of mucosa/submucosa region

b)

Serosa only

c)

Muscularis externa

d)

Muscularis mucosa only

e)

Adventitia

122.

Which histological feature is characteristic of the jejunum compared with ileum?

a)

More numerous villi and prominent plicae circulares

b)

Presence of Brunner's glands

c)

Peyer's patches throughout

d)

Thicker serosa only

e)

Absence of crypts

123.

What is the primary role of Peyer's patches?

a)

Secretion of digestive enzymes

b)

Immune surveillance and response in ileum

c)

Absorption of fats only

d)

Secretion of alkaline mucus

e)

Propulsion of chyme

124.

Which anatomical feature distinguishes the jejunum from the ileum on histology?

a)

Presence of Brunner's glands in jejunum only

b)

More plicae circulares and villi in jejunum than ileum

c)

Peyer's patches in jejunum only

d)

Ileum lacks crypts of Lieberkühn

e)

Jejunum has lymph nodes within mucosa only

125.

Which of the following best describes villi?

a)

Glandular secretions in submucosa

b)

Finger-like projections of mucosa increasing surface area

c)

Smooth muscle layers

d)

Aggregated lymphoid follicles

e)

Blood vessels in serosa

126.

The luminal surface of villi is primarily lined by which cells with a brush border?

a)

Columnar epithelial cells (enterocytes)

b)

Paneth cells

c)

Goblet cells only

d)

Smooth muscle cells

e)

Endothelial cells

127.

Which cells secrete mucus in the small intestine mucosa?

a)

Enterocytes

b)

Paneth cells

c)

Enteroendocrine cells

d)

Goblet cells

e)

Lacteals

128.

What are the short glands at the base of villi called?

a)

Brunner's glands

b)

Crypts of Lieberkühn

c)

Pyloric glands

d)

Sebaceous glands

e)

Bartholin glands

129.

Which specialised cell in the crypts contains zymogen granules with lysozyme?

a)

Enterocyte

b)

Goblet cell

c)

Paneth cell

d)

Enteroendocrine cell

e)

Stem cell

130.

Which cell type is the source of new epithelial cells in the crypts?

a)

Paneth cells

b)

Stem cells

c)

Enterocytes

d)

Goblet cells

e)

Lymphocytes

131.

Which of the following best describes the crypts of Lieberkühn lining?

a)

Epithelial cells, goblet cells, stem cells, Paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells

b)

Only goblet cells

c)

Only Paneth cells

d)

Only smooth muscle

e)

Only endothelial cells

132.

Which of the following increases surface area at the microscopic (cell membrane) level on enterocytes?

a)

Plicae circulares

b)

Microvilli (brush border)

c)

Villi

d)

Peyer's patches

e)

Brunner's glands

133.

Which cell type is located at the base of crypts and contributes antibacterial secretions?

a)

Goblet cell

b)

Paneth cell

c)

Enterocyte

d)

Endothelial cell

e)

Lymphocyte

134.

The major role of microvilli on enterocytes is to:

a)

Increase absorptive surface area and host enzymes

b)

Provide structural support for villi

c)

Secrete alkaline mucus

d)

Produce hormones

e)

Propel chyme

135.

What lymphatic structure runs inside each villus for fat absorption?

a)

Venule

b)

Arteriole

c)

Capillary network only

d)

Lacteal

e)

Peyer's patch

136.

Which blood vessels are present inside a villus?

a)

Capillaries connecting arteriole and venule

b)

Only large veins

c)

Only lacteals

d)

Portal vein only

e)

No blood vessels

137.

Which structure joins the capillaries within the villus to carry absorbed fats?

a)

Arteriole

b)

Venule only

c)

Hepatic portal vein directly

d)

Lacteal (lymphatic)

e)

Portal arteriole

138.

Which statement about the lamina propria of a villus is TRUE?

a)

It contains capillaries and a lacteal

b)

It is composed solely of muscle

c)

It is part of the serosa

d)

It contains Brunner's glands

e)

It contains the major duodenal papilla

139.

Which vessel brings blood into the capillary network of a villus?

a)

Arteriole

b)

Venule

c)

Lacteal

d)

Hepatic portal vein directly

e)

Superior mesenteric artery vein

140.

What is the primary content of lacteals found in villi after a fatty meal?

a)

Oxygenated blood

b)

Chylomicrons (lipid-laden lymph)

c)

Bile salts

d)

Digestive enzymes

e)

Red blood cells

141.

Which layer of the small intestine contains the crypts of Lieberkuhn?

a)

Mucosa

b)

Submucosa

c)

Muscularis externa

d)

Serosa

e)

Lamina propria

142.

Which layer contains Brunner's glands in the duodenum?

a)

Mucosa

b)

Submucosa

c)

Muscularis externa

d)

Serosa

e)

Lamina propria

143.

Which of these best describes the serosa of the small intestine?

a)

A thick keratinised layer

b)

Loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium

c)

A glandular epithelial layer

d)

An epithelial absorptive lining

e)

A layer of smooth muscle

144.

Which cells secrete hormones like secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)?

a)

Paneth cells

b)

Enteroendocrine cells

c)

Goblet cells

d)

Enterocytes

e)

Stem cells

145.

Which cell type is primarily responsible for absorption in the small intestine?

a)

Columnar epithelial cells (enterocytes)

b)

Goblet cells

c)

Paneth cells

d)

Lymphocytes

e)

Smooth muscle cells

146.

What is the main function of enterocytes?

a)

Absorption of nutrients

b)

Secretion of lysozyme

c)

Secretion of mucus

d)

Hormone secretion

e)

Structural support

147.

Paneth cells contribute to intestinal defence by secreting:

a)

Mucin

b)

Lysozyme and antimicrobial defensins

c)

Secretin

d)

Bile salts

e)

Pepsinogen

148.

Where are enteroendocrine cells primarily located?

a)

Villus tip only

b)

Submucosa

c)

Duodenal crypts (and crypts generally)

d)

Serosa

e)

Muscularis externa

149.

Which cells secrete thin alkaline mucus specifically in the duodenum?

a)

Goblet cells

b)

Paneth cells

c)

Enterocytes

d)

Brunner's glands

e)

Enteroendocrine cells

150.

The brush border observed on enterocytes is composed of:

a)

Villi

b)

Microvilli

c)

Plicae circulares

d)

Lacteals

e)

Goblet cells

151.

Which of the following cells are interspersed among columnar enterocytes and secrete mucus?

a)

Paneth cells

b)

Enteroendocrine cells

c)

Stem cells

d)

Goblet cells

e)

Lacteals

152.

Which of the following cells contains mucin granules visible histologically?

a)

Paneth cell

b)

Enterocyte

c)

Goblet cell

d)

Enteroendocrine cell

e)

Arteriole

153.

Which structure is visible as finger-like projections covered by epithelial cells on microscopy?

a)

Plicae circulares (microscopically)

b)

Villi

c)

Crypts only

d)

Brunner's glands

e)

Peyer's patches

154.

Which structure increases acidity again in the lower ileum due to bacterial activity?

a)

Brunner's glands secretions

b)

Pancreatic enzymes

c)

Organic acids produced by bacteria

d)

Bile salts

e)

Succus entericus

155.

Approximately how much pancreatic and bile secretions mix with chyme daily (liters/day)?

a)

0.5 L/day

b)

1.8 L/day

c)

5 L/day

d)

10 L/day

e)

0.1 L/day

156.

How much fluid is secreted by the small intestine itself (succus entericus) per day approximately?

a)

0.5 L/day

b)

1 L/day

c)

0.1 L/day

d)

2 L/day

e)

5 L/day

157.

What pH range is the alkaline mucus secreted by Brunner's glands?

a)

Around 8.8–9.3

b)

Around 6.0–6.5

c)

Around 3.0–4.0

d)

Around 5.0–5.5

e)

Neutral pH 7.0

158.

Brunner's glands raise the pH of chyme in the duodenum to roughly which value?

a)

9.5

b)

7.0

c)

5.5

d)

3.0

e)

1.0

159.

Which of these is a function of the small intestine?

a)

Production of red blood cells

b)

Filtration of urine

c)

Storage of bile

d)

Digestion by enzymes and absorption on villi

e)

Gas exchange

160.

Succus entericus refers to:

a)

Bile from the liver

b)

Secretions of the small intestine

c)

Pancreatic juice only

d)

Gastric acid

e)

Salivary secretions

161.

Which secretion helps neutralize acidity of chyme entering duodenum?

a)

Alkaline mucus from Brunner's glands

b)

Hydrochloric acid from stomach

c)

Bile acids

d)

Pepsin

e)

Succus entericus (acidic)

162.

Which of the following is TRUE about succus entericus?

a)

It is produced by the pancreas

b)

It is highly acidic (pH 2)

c)

It is the small intestine's own secretion (~2 L/day)

d)

It is the same as bile

e)

It is secreted only in ileum

163.

Which of these secretions is NOT produced by the small intestine?

a)

Succus entericus

b)

Alkaline mucus from Brunner's glands

c)

Enterokinase (enteric enzymes)

d)

Insulin

e)

Mucus from goblet cells

164.

Which of the following movements mixes rather than propels chyme in the small intestine?

a)

Segmenting contractions

b)

Peristaltic waves

c)

Retroperistalsis

d)

Tonic contractions

e)

Haustration

165.

Which movement type propels chyme toward the colon?

a)

Segmentation

b)

Propulsive movements (peristalsis)

c)

Pendular movements

d)

Tonic holding

e)

Mass movement

166.

Typical net speed of chyme movement through small intestine averages about?

a)

10 cm/min

b)

5 cm/min

c)

1 cm/min

d)

0.1 cm/min

e)

20 cm/min

167.

Time for chyme to travel from pylorus to ileocaecal valve is approximately:

a)

30–60 minutes

b)

3–5 hours

c)

24 hours

d)

10–12 hours

e)

15–20 minutes

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