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WorksheetsCOMBINE QUES – INFECTION CONTROL
Total questions: 112
Worksheet time: 56mins
The following are agendas of the Hospital Infection Control and Antibiotic Committee (HIACC) meeting EXCEPT:
Monitoring hand hygiene compliance
Reporting incidence and prevalence of MDRO cases
Evaluation of antibiotic usage and resistance pattern
Assist in overall development of hospital financial management
Clostridium difficile is able to survive longer in the environment compared to most bacteria because it produces:
Enzymes
Spores
Gram-negative rods
Gram-positive cocci
Antimicrobial streamlining is one of the antimicrobial stewardship activities. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Review antibiotics after one week of initiation
Encourage dual antimicrobial therapy for all infections
Discontinue empirical therapy if culture shows no evidence of infection
De-escalation from narrow to broad spectrum antibiotics once culture results are ready
The process that removes contamination by soil, organic matter, and some microorganisms is known as:
Cleaning
Disinfection
Sterilization
Autoclaving
Which of the following is the best disinfectant used as an antiseptic?
Isopropanol 60%
Peracetic acid 1%
Sodium hypochlorite 1:1000
Formaldehyde
Which parameter is used to calculate the infection rate?
Total cases / total admissions
Total isolates / total admissions
Total cases + isolates / total admissions
Total isolates – total cases / total admissions
Surveillance is a component of infection control and is best defined as:
Systematic, active ongoing data collection, analysis, interpretation, dissemination, and action
Systematic, active ongoing data collection, interpretation, dissemination, analysis, and action
Systematic data collection, ongoing dissemination, analysis, interpretation, and action
Systematic data collection, dissemination, interpretation, analysis, and action
Which of the following statements helps to improve quality in infection control practices?
Review of the surveillance report is not compulsory
Policies and guidelines must be reviewed from time to time
Organize teaching programs only upon request
Point prevalence surveillance should be done according to ICN convenience
Which of the following antibiotics has the widest spectrum of activity?
Penicillins
Tetracyclines
Cefuroxime
Aminoglycosides
Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms are resistant to cephalosporins and:
Penicillin
Monobactams
Carbapenems
Fluoroquinolones
Adherence to strict regulations during transportation of potentially infectious particle materials will:
Avoid legal prosecution
Expedite the package delivery
Limit total of specimen that can be sent in one time
Reduce the exposures resulting in possible diseases
Which method is the most widely used for assessing the drug sensitivity?
Disc Diffusion
Broth Dilution
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC)
What is Hul zone of inhibition? An area:
Of the body where an antibiotic can kill bacteria
On an agar plate where antibiotics are inhibited
Of the body where bacteria are present in high numbers
On an agar plate where bacteria don't grow because of an antibiotic
Patient is diagnosed with a multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) in his surgical wound. What is the best statement below describing MDRO?
There is more than one organism in the wound that is causing the infection
The patient will need more than one type of antibiotic to kill the organism
There are no longer any antibiotic options available to treat the patient's infection
The organism has developed a resistance to two or more broad-spectrum antibiotic
The best way to prevent the Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing organism in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) patients is to
Review catheter necessity daily
Optimize empiric antibiotic treatments
Insert catheter under aseptic technique
Avoid unnecessary catheterization among patients
All the statements described on enterococci except
Arranged in short chain
Arranged in grape-like clusters
Forms part of the normal flora in gut
Usually causing colonization rather than infection
Aspergillus species (spp) is
Filamentous mould
Prokaryotic mould
Single-celled yeast
Multicellular bacteria
Which is the numerator data for Healthcare-Associated Infections (HCAI)?
Total number of deaths
Total number of discharges
Total number patient on ventilator days
Total number of patients with a symptom of diseases
The rationale for prop-up to 30–45 degrees for patients with ventilators is to
Impair patients' ventilation
Increase the risk of pulmonary embolism
Aid in ventilatory efforts and minimize atelectasis
Increase incidence of stress ulceration in critical illness
The best intervention at the infected insertion site of the central line is to
Flush the catheter with saline
Remove the catheter as soon as possible
Apply the topical antibiotic to the infected site
Use a chlorhexidine-impregnated sponge dressing
Nosocomial bloodstream infections are preventable and highly lethal. The best improvement intervention is to
Change the insertion line weekly
Prescribe the broad-spectrum antibiotics
Assess daily whether line could be removed
Assign the dedicated staff to nurse the patients
The best personal protective equipment (PPE) to apply during sample collection in COVID-19 are
Medical gloves, N95 masks, face shield or goggles
Medical gloves, surgical masks, face shield or goggles
Medical gloves, surgical masks, face shield or goggles, and gown or coverall
Medical gloves, N95 masks, face shield or goggles, and gown or coverall
Which one of the following statements is one of the purposes of studying epidemiology
Study to improve establishing policies making in health care system to seek treatment and prevention
Study to in‑hance organization potential in produce new product among debilitated patient to seek treatment and prevention
Study of the factors determining the occurrence of diseases in human populations, modes of acquisition and spread to seek treatment, prevention
What is required in the working environment upon handling the risk group 4 microorganism?
Open bench
Full isolation suits
Class 3 biosafety cabinet
Biosafety cabinet / laminar flow hood
Ebola virus, Marburg virus, and Lassa virus are risk group 4 organisms. Samples for this type of virus need extra care in packaging. What is the packaging for specimen samples of risk group 4 microorganisms?
The triple packaging system continues to apply
Single packaging and keep at room temperature
Double packaging and keep in a polystyrene box
The triple packaging system is not compulsory
The following statement is true regarding the disk diffusion test function we should test routinely for antibiotic sensitivity testing, except
No more than 2 potential pathogens from a culture
Pathogens with unpredictable susceptibility patterns
Some special organism/body site considerations
Pathogens with predictable susceptibility patterns
The purpose of monitoring multidrug resistance organism (MDRO) trends is to detect
The emerging of new organism
The clustering of infections in new area
Noncompliance to infection control policies
The change in the resistant pattern of organism
What are the criteria taken into consideration when isolating patients with MDRO?
Patient can be isolated in standard isolation or a negative pressure room
Patient isolated in a single isolation positive-pressure or contact isolation room
Patient can be isolated or cohorted with other infected patients with different microorganisms
Patient can be isolated in a contact isolation room or cohorted with other infected patients with the same microorganism
Wounds infected with MRSA will affect the process of healing. What is the crucial management of wounds with MRSA infection?
Clean wound with normal saline and apply mupirocin 2%
Apply mupirocin 2% on patient’s nasal area and daily bathing with soap
Clean wound with normal saline and daily bathing with chlorhexidine 4%
Clean wound with sterile water and daily bathing with chlorhexidine 4%
Hepatitis B is one of the common infections that easily transmits among HCW. Which of the following is an intervention to prevent infection of Hepatitis B?
Administration of immunoglobulin to all HCW
Administration of antiviral prophylaxis
Prevent incidents of needle-stick injury
Use double gloves at all times
What is a systemic manifestation of catheter-related CRBSI?
Symptoms and signs of bacteremia such as developing chills or fever and positive blood culture and growth of the same organism from the catheter
Symptoms and signs of bacteremia such as developing chills or fever, pain, and positive blood culture and growth of the same organism from the catheter
Symptoms and signs of bacteremia such as developing chills or fever, tenderness, and positive blood culture and growth of the same organism from the catheter
Symptoms and signs of bacteremia such as developing chills or fever, redness, and positive blood culture and growth of the same organism from the catheter
The most common mode of transmission for SARS and avian influenza is
Droplet
Airborne
Direct contact
Contaminated water
Which one of the following is the correct process of triaging and practice in primary care facilities?
At the triage counter, identify a patient with symptoms of influenza-like illness and isolate the patient; no need to wear a 3‑ply mask
At the triage counter, identify a patient with symptoms of influenza-like illness and seat with other patients but maintain separation of 3 meters
At the triage counter, identify a patient with symptoms of influenza-like illness and put on a 3‑ply mask so that he/she can sit with others
At the triage counter, identify a patient with symptoms of influenza-like illness, put on a 3‑ply mask, and isolate the patient with seating arranged one meter from each other
What action should be taken when an outbreak of MDRO occurs in a critical care unit?
Strictly no visitors are allowed
Encourage use of PPE at all times
Encourage strict adherence to contact precautions
Use high-level disinfectant for environmental cleaning
Which statement is correct regarding vaccination against respiratory pathogens?
Recommended for all patients
Need booster dose after five years
Produces bronchodilation and improves oxygenation
Helps to prevent severe respiratory diseases and complications in susceptible patients
A diabetes patient is undergoing below-knee amputation. What preoperative intervention is needed to prevent the risk of surgical site infection (SSI)?
Optimize blood glucose level
Shorten the duration of the operation
Apply sterile technique in wound dressing
Administer antibiotic prophylaxis 5 minutes before incision
The following are true regarding the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), except
Implementation of ventilator care bundle
Monitoring preoperatively of patients in the ward for 2 weeks prior to surgery
Do not routinely change the ventilator breathing circuit on the basis of duration of use
Change gloves between contact with the contaminated body site and the respiratory tract of the same patient
Intermittent bladder drainage is performed as an intervention for a mother in labour. Noncompliance with the aseptic technique can cause the mother to present with UTI later. This condition describes
A co-infection
A chronic infection
Opportunistic infection
Healthcare-associated infection
Primary bloodstream infections (BSI) are defined as
Demonstrated by negative blood culture results
Elicited only by one inflammatory response characterized clinically
Positive organism cultured from blood is related to an infection at another site
Organism cultured from blood that is not related to an infection at another body site
In monitoring surgical asepsis, nurses are required to
Clean the wound from the outer edge to the center of the wound
Consider the outer 1 inch of the sterile fields as contaminated
Remove soiled dressing with sterile gloves, then continue dressing
Cover the nose and mouth with gloved hands if a sneeze is imminent
Which of the following statements is the correct practice for blood and body fluid isolation?
Isolation gowns are not needed
A single isolation room is always indicated
A mask should be worn when in contact with the patient
Gloves should be worn for contact with non-intact skin
PPE is one of the elements of standard precautions. Implementation of PPE includes all of the following except
Use sterile gowns if clothing is likely to be soiled.
protective eyewear during procedures of suctioning.
wear mask within 3 feet of patient on droplet precaution.
use of gloves when possible contact with blood or body fluid.
Hand hygiene is one of the best methods to prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). It is to remove
visible soil only.
resident flora on the skin.
transient flora on the skin.
all microorganisms on the skin.
Patients should be placed in the negative pressure room. The healthcare worker (HCW) must wear N95 mask. The above statement refer to
droplet precautions.
contact precautions.
airborne precautions.
standard precautions.
The purpose of applying disinfectant before intravenous cannulation is to
destroy all microorganism on the skin.
eradicate certain microorganism on the skin
reduce the number of microorganisms on the skin.
remove the organic matter and microorganism on the skin.
Device that enters sterile tissue refer to
critical instrument.
standard instrument.
non-critical instrument.
semi-critical instrument.
The purpose does not open the chamber door of autoclave machine until the temperature below 60°C is to
Avoid being contaminated by microorganisms from outside.
ensure all glass wares perfectly dry before remove it from the oven.
ensure all equipment is perfectly sterile and free from microorganisms.
Avoid the glassware from cracking due to sudden admission of cold air.
Reprocessing of endoscopes need to
perform pre cleaning by flushing all channels by 70% isopropyl alcohol.
store semi critical endoscope by coiling it and placed in individual cases.
monitor the efficacy of disinfectant before each use using bacterial culture technique.
flush and brush all channels and lumens while it is submerged in the water to minimize aerosols.
Segregation of clinical waste is considered safe if
sharp items dispose into the yellow container.
clinical items dispose into the general waste bin.
broken glassware disposes into a puncture proof container.
pathological waste autoclaved before discard into the yellow bag.
Which of the following is used to classify micro-organisms based on their cell wall composition?
Gram stain
Albert’s stain
Haematoxylin
Indian ink stain
The ______ glove is most appropriate when performing oral care for a patient suspected of having an infectious respiratory disease.
Sterile surgical glove
Heavy-duty utility glove
Vinyl sterile glove
Non-sterile examination glove
Which statement is correct regarding usage of personal protective equipment (PPE)?
Isolation gown is optional for contact precautions
N95 masks are preferred for reuse
Disposable plastic aprons must be changed between patients
Sterile gloves are preferred for all procedures
A healthcare worker has failed the N95 fit test but must perform aerosol-generating procedures. The appropriate PPE is:
KN95 mask
Double surgical mask
Surgical mask with face shield
Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR)
The main purpose of conducting an Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA) before renovation is to:
Estimate construction cost
Schedule staff shifts
Minimize biological threats through hazard control
Plan interior design
Environmental sampling reveals persistent contamination from ventilator circuits. What is the FIRST action?
Deep clean patient rooms
Environmental air sampling
Re-audit ventilator reprocessing protocol
Conduct water sampling
Which ventilation parameters must be verified before air sampling in an operation theatre?
I and II
II and III
I and IV (air particle & pressure diff between rooms)
III and IV
Rising MDRO Acinetobacter baumannii cases in ICU despite good hygiene suggest sampling of:
High-touch surfaces
Air for fungal spores
Staff hands
Ventilator circuit
Colour-coded cleaning equipment is used primarily to:
Indicate cleaning frequency
Facilitate housekeeping work
Match hospital departments
Minimize cross-contamination
Food kept at room temperature for over three hours mainly increases risk of:
Policy violation
Reduced palatability
Allergic reactions
Bacterial growth
Correct clinical waste disposal practice is to:
Sort waste later
Transport with general waste
Dispose via city council
Segregate at point of care
Best method to dispose a used needle after blood taking is to:
Recap needle
Break needle
Dispose in biohazard bag
Discard into puncture-resistant container
Infection consistently occurring in a population is termed as:
Sporadic
Epidemic
Pandemic
Endemic
Standard precautions include:
Mask and recapping needles
Spraying disinfectant
Alcohol rub on visibly soiled hands
PPE when contact with body fluids
Air sampling in renovated OT shows 60 CFU/m^3. Action required is to:
Allow OT use
Change HEPA filter
Repeat immediately
Repeat after thorough cleaning
Test giving immediate result for HEPA filter efficiency is:
Air sampling
Agar settle plate
Table swab
Air particle count
Correct sequence for reprocessing flexible endoscope is:
Manual cleaning → pre-cleaning → leak test
Pre-cleaning → leak test → manual cleaning
Leak test → disinfection → cleaning
Disinfection → storage
Most appropriate method to process heat-sensitive items is:
Steam sterilization
Ultrasonic sterilization
Gamma irradiation
High-level disinfection
Which is NOT a step in ICRA risk assessment?
Identify patient risk groups
Identify construction activity
Match activity with risk group
List activities without matrix
PAPR is best described as:
Tight-fitting respirator
Disposable barrier
Positive pressure respiratory protection
Splash-resistant mask
Hand rub is NOT required when:
After body fluid exposure
Before touching patient
Handling sealed specimen bottle
After patient contact
Non-discrimination of patients based on race reflects which ethical principle?
Non-maleficence
Justice
Autonomy
Beneficence
Poor hand hygiene compliance by a nurse breaches which ethical principle?
Justice
Autonomy
Non-maleficence
Fidelity
A patient deciding whether to undergo cleft palate surgery demonstrates:
Beneficence
Justice
Autonomy
Non-maleficence
Which situation best demonstrates the ethical principle of justice in nursing?
Respecting refusal of blood transfusion
Maintaining confidentiality
Explaining procedure before consent
Providing equal wound care regardless of social status
Which activity best represents a Quality Improvement initiative in IPC?
Giving antibiotics to all postoperative patients
Isolating all admitted patients
Auditing hand hygiene compliance and providing feedback
Recording vital signs every shift
Arrange the correct sequence of the five stages of clinical audit in IPC.
Select → Measure → Plan → Improve → Sustain
Measure → Plan → Select → Improve → Sustain
Plan → Measure → Select → Improve → Sustain
Plan → Select → Measure → Improve → Sustain
Which statement refers to an IPC quality assurance programme?
Monitoring based on auditor convenience
Procedures must be standardized
Budget preparation for awareness programmes
Disease information dissemination
Which is the best statement about quality assurance in IPC?
Follow obsolete guidelines
Submit reports only to state director
All procedures must follow policies and guidelines
Awareness once yearly only
What is the correct action during transport of a patient on droplet precautions?
Apply N95 mask to patient
Full PPE to patient
Inform receiving department and place surgical mask on patient
Notify physician only
Which situation indicates a need for further staff training?
Using hand rub after glove removal
Placing MRSA patient at corner of ward
Proper disinfection of laryngoscope
Wearing gloves during bed making
ICLP involvement in reporting sharp injuries belongs to which role?
Coordinator
Surveillance
Administrative
Clinical duties
Chairman of the District Infection & Antibiotic Control Committee is responsible to:
Supervise standard precautions
Participate in campaigns
Ascertain clinical significance of lab results for outbreaks
Provide opinions only
The role of ICLP in internal audit activities is to:
Ensure compliance and share results
Confirm outbreaks
Prepare budget reports
Identify improvement opportunities and promote best practices
Which statement regarding HIACC meetings is NOT true?
Meetings held at least twice a year
Minutes distributed to members
Hospital Director must be chairman
Director provides secretarial support
Who should be appointed as Head of Public Health Team?
Senior pharmacist
Family Medicine Specialist
Deputy State Health Director
Occupational Safety Officer
Who is the most appropriate secretariat for HIACC?
Pharmacist
Infection Control Unit
Medical microbiologist
Infection Control Coordinator
Which agenda should be included in SIACC meeting?
All microorganisms surveillance
MDRO, HCAI, antibiotic utilization and PTB among HCWs
Chicken pox surveillance only
Sharp injury only
Immunity is defined as the ability of the body to resist:
Antibody
Immune system
Infection
Immunization
Why are guidelines important in IPC programmes?
Reduce hospital bills
Insurance recommendations
Prevent human error and poor communication
Diagnostic tools
Which infection can be managed using standard precautions alone?
VRE
MRSA
ESBL
Coagulase-negative staphylococcus
A hospital experiences difficulty enforcing infection control policies because committee decisions are often ignored. Which improvement would most effectively strengthen the committee’s function?
Ensuring committee members have decision-making authority
Scheduling more frequent committee meetings
Assigning infection control duties to administrative officers
Delegating all infection control matters to one clinician
An Infection and Antibiotic Control Team identifies repeated non-compliance in clinical waste management. What is the most appropriate escalation pathway?
Table the issue at the district-level committee meeting
Report directly to the state-level committee
Submit a formal complaint without discussion
Resolve the issue internally without external reporting
If the HIACC chairman is unable to attend a scheduled meeting, which action reflects proper governance practice?
Appoint a representative authorised by the chairman to chair
Cancel the meeting until the chairman is available
Appoint the hospital engineer as an interim chair
Allow the Infection Control Unit to chair the meeting
Low hand hygiene compliance is reported across several clinics within a district. What should be the committee’s first course of action?
Conduct an assessment and provide guidance before interventions
Refer the matter immediately to the state committee
Transfer responsibility to the nearest hospital
Impose penalties on non-compliant clinics
A district committee finds insufficient funding for an IPC training programme. Which action aligns best with its responsibilities?
Plan the programme and apply for financial allocation
Instruct each clinic to self-fund the training
Request the state committee to manage funding
Suspend the programme until funding is provided
A suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) case is detected in the ICU. Who is primarily responsible for initiating investigation and control measures?
Infection Control Doctor (ICD)
Infection Control Nurse (ICN)
ICU Ward Manager
Infection Control Link Nurse (ICLN)
Which sequence best represents the appropriate flow of responsibility following a sharp-injury incident in a surgical ward?
ICLN manages immediately → ICN monitors data → ICD reports to HIACC
ICLN reports to NIACC → ICN escalates → ICD informs director
ICD treats → ICN records → ICLN supervises
ICN manages immediately → ICLN educates → ICD monitors
During ward rounds, several staff members fail to perform hand hygiene after patient contact. Who should address and correct this issue immediately at ward level?
Infection Control Link Nurse
Ward Manager
Infection Control Nurse
Head of Department
According to the Quality Assurance Programme (QAP), how is “quality” in healthcare best defined?
Meeting established standards that ensure client satisfaction
Delivery of services at the lowest cost
Attractive design of healthcare facilities
Use of advanced medical technology
Which of the following is an example of a process indicator in quality assessment?
Percentage of patients treated within a specified time
Number of doctors employed
Duration of hospital construction
Annual healthcare budget
The following statements are the role of Public Health Infection and Antibiotic Control Committee (PHIACC) Chairman, except:
Facilitate HIACC correspondence
Review and approve HIACC output
Provide a platform in planning and implementation of activities
Lead the hospital-level IPC and antibiotic control activities
The role of HIACC chairman is:
Treat all patients in the area with prophylaxis antibiotic
Ensure healthcare workers wear PPE at all times
Isolate patient according to site of infection
Isolate patient according to the transmission base
How would you as ICN control an alert organism from spreading to others?
Conduct and manage an outbreak report
Manage and keep infection control data
Ensure all staff adhere to IPC practices
Coordinate infection control activity such as audit
What is the role of link personnel in primary healthcare?
Monitoring knowledge and skill as scheduled
Evaluating an individual outcome
Correcting a system’s problem that has been identified
Redesigning the organizational structures of an institution
Below, which statement best describes Quality improvement in IPC?
Monitoring knowledge and skill as scheduled
Evaluating an individual outcome
Correcting a system’s problem that has been identified
Redesigning the organizational structures of an institution
The main role of HIACC at hospital level is to:
Perform infection control surveillance for the hospital
Develop policies and procedures of infection control for the state
Advise the hospital director on technical matters related to infection control
Participate in informal and formal teaching programmes for all healthcare workers
What is the role of hospital management in achieving the Hospital Infection and Antibiotic Control Committee (HIACC) programme?
Credential all staff as infection control nurses upon completion of stated credit hours
Develop policies and procedures of infection control for state usage
Give full commitment and support to organize HIACC programme
Give special allowance to those who initiate successful programme
What is the role and responsibility of the Infection Control Link Nurse in the ward in the aspect of practice and monitoring?
Doctors’ and nurses’ adherence to aseptic technique
Family members doing their hand hygiene during visiting hours
Healthcare workers wearing their gown while doing all procedures
Immunity level of all healthcare workers in all departments
What is the purpose of a healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) audit?
Rate the hospital’s expenditure in controlling infectious diseases
Decide a punitive way when implementation of policy is violated
Assess the employees’ level of response towards commensal organisms
Check on compliance of prevention and control practice
What are the elements of negligence?
Duty, breach of duty, beneficence and justice
Duty, breach of duty, causation and damage
Autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice
Autonomy, non-maleficence, causation and damage
A nurse ignores hospital policy and does not wear gloves when handling a wound. Which element of negligence is this?
Duty
Breach of duty
Causation
Damage
A patient develops sepsis and requires ICU admission after exposure to contaminated equipment. This outcome represents which element?
Duty
Breach of duty
Causation
Damage
