A.1.2.7-2.8 Differences between DNA and RNA

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What are the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

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DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded. DNA contains the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, whereas RNA contains adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA it is ribose.

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What is complementary base pairing in DNA?

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In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. This allows for the exact copying of DNA during replication.

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What is semi-conservative replication?

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Semi-conservative replication is the process where each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one new strand.

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What is gene expression?

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Gene expression is when the information in a gene has an effect on the cell. It begins with the copying of the gene's base sequence into RNA.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a DNA base sequence. It involves complementary base pairing, where adenine on the DNA pairs with uracil on the RNA.

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What roles can RNA have in the cell?

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RNA can have regulatory or structural roles, or it can be used in protein synthesis.

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How is a protein synthesized from RNA?

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Protein synthesis involves translating the base sequence of an RNA molecule into the amino acid sequence of a protein, using complementary base pairing.