AP Statistics Spiral Review 1

Front

What is a standardized score (z-score)?

Back

A standardized score (z-score) indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean. A z-score of -1.2 means the score is 1.2 standard deviations below the mean.

Front

What does it mean if a distribution is skewed to the left?

Back

A distribution is skewed to the left when the left tail (lower values) is longer or fatter than the right tail. This indicates that most data points are concentrated on the higher end.

Front

What is a five-number summary in statistics?

Back

A five-number summary consists of the minimum, first quartile (Q1), median (Q2), third quartile (Q3), and maximum of a dataset. It provides a quick overview of the distribution.

Front

How do you calculate the percentile rank of a value in a dataset?

Back

The percentile rank of a value is calculated by the formula: (number of values below the given value / total number of values) * 100.

Front

What is the standard deviation in statistics?

Back

Standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean.

Front

What does a histogram represent in statistics?

Back

A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data, showing the frequency of data points within specified ranges (bins).

Front

What is the significance of the median in a dataset?

Back

The median is the middle value of a dataset when it is ordered. It divides the dataset into two equal halves and is less affected by outliers than the mean.

Front

What is the interquartile range (IQR)?

Back

The interquartile range (IQR) is the difference between the first quartile (Q1) and the third quartile (Q3). It measures the spread of the middle 50% of the data.

Front

What does it mean for a distribution to be normal?

Back

A normal distribution is a symmetric, bell-shaped distribution where most of the observations cluster around the central peak, and probabilities for values further away from the mean taper off equally in both directions.

Front

What is the purpose of using z-scores in statistics?

Back

Z-scores are used to compare scores from different distributions or to determine the probability of a score occurring within a normal distribution.