AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 4.7: Regulation of Cell Cycle

Front

What is the G1 checkpoint?

Back

The G1 checkpoint is a regulatory point in the cell cycle that determines whether a cell is ready to begin the process of division. It checks for cell size, nutrients, and DNA integrity.

Front

What is the function of the M checkpoint?

Back

The M checkpoint, also known as the spindle checkpoint, ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus before the cell proceeds with division, inhibiting nondisjunction.

Front

What role does apoptosis play in cell cycle regulation?

Back

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells, helping to maintain healthy tissue and prevent the proliferation of potentially harmful cells.

Front

What is a proto-oncogene?

Back

A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that can become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression, often leading to uncontrolled cell division.

Front

What is the G2 checkpoint?

Back

The G2 checkpoint verifies that DNA has been accurately replicated and is free of errors before the cell enters mitosis.

Front

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

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Cyclins are proteins that regulate the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which drive the cell through different phases of the cycle.

Front

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the S phase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes, preparing the cell for division.

Front

What is the significance of the G1 phase?

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The G1 phase is the first stage of interphase where the cell grows, synthesizes proteins, and prepares for DNA replication.

Front

What is the purpose of the M phase?

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The M phase is the stage of the cell cycle where mitosis occurs, leading to the division of the cell's nucleus and cytoplasm into two daughter cells.

Front

What is a CDK inhibitor?

Back

A CDK inhibitor is a protein that can bind to and inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases, thus regulating the cell cycle and preventing uncontrolled cell division.