Fall Midterm Review (OnRamps Biology)

Front

What type of molecules can easily pass through the cell membrane?

Back

Small, nonpolar molecules, such as steroid hormones, can easily pass through the cell membrane due to their hydrophobic nature.

Front

What is the composition of a single-stranded RNA molecule?

Back

A single-stranded RNA molecule can have varying percentages of nucleotides, such as 29% cytosine, 35% uracil, 10% adenine, and 26% guanine.

Front

What type of materials are transported by endocytosis?

Back

Endocytosis is used to transport large, complex materials into the cell.

Front

What characterizes a saturated triacylglycerol (triglyceride)?

Back

A saturated triacylglycerol contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in the fatty acid chains, with no double bonds.

Front

What is simple diffusion?

Back

Simple diffusion is the process that allows molecules, such as oxygen, to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using energy.

Front

What is the role of proteins in the cell membrane?

Back

Proteins in the cell membrane facilitate transport, act as receptors, and provide structural support.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is the process of passive transport of molecules across a cell membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.

Front

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

Back

Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy.

Front

What are nucleotides?

Back

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.