Psychology Thinking Review

Front

Our mental image ("best example") that best represents a category is called a...

Back

Prototype

Front

Which type of problem solving technique is methodical, logical, and will always lead to a correct answer if there is one?

Back

Algorithm

Front

Which type of problem solving strategy allows us to make an estimate on the likelihood of events based on how much that event matches a prototype?

Back

Representativeness Heuristic

Front

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

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an algorithm.

Front

In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on

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heuristics.

Front

The tendency to conclude that a person who likes to read poetry is more likely to be a college professor of classics than a truck driver illustrates the use of

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the representativeness heuristic.

Front

Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator McEwan was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct, many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates

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belief perseverance.

Front

Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates:

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functional fixedness.

Front

A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage of

Back

the representativeness heuristic.

Front

Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage. Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving? availability heuristic, insight, prototype confusion, confirmation bias

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confirmation bias