24-25 Midterm Review Part 6,7,8,9 Entrance Ticket

Front

What is the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Back

The G1 checkpoint is a control mechanism in the cell cycle that checks for cell size, nutrients, growth factors, and DNA damage before the cell proceeds to DNA synthesis.

Front

What happens at the G2 checkpoint?

Back

The G2 checkpoint ensures that DNA has been replicated correctly and checks for DNA damage before the cell enters mitosis.

Front

What is the purpose of the M checkpoint?

Back

The M checkpoint, also known as the spindle checkpoint, ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus before the cell divides.

Front

Define diffusion in biological terms.

Back

Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Front

What factors affect the rate of diffusion?

Back

The rate of diffusion is affected by temperature, concentration gradient, surface area, and the size of the molecules.

Front

Explain the concept of concentration gradient.

Back

A concentration gradient is the difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas, which drives the movement of molecules during diffusion.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is the role of growth factors in the cell cycle?

Back

Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division and growth, playing a crucial role in the regulation of the cell cycle.

Front

What is the significance of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is essential for cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the parent cell's genetic material.

Front

What are the consequences of DNA damage during the cell cycle?

Back

DNA damage can lead to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or mutations, which may result in cancer if not properly repaired.