Mendelian Genetics and DNA Fundamentals Flashcard

Front

What is a homozygous recessive genotype?

Back

A genotype consisting of two identical recessive alleles, represented as 'aa'.

Front

What does a capital letter represent in a Punnett square?

Back

A dominant trait.

Front

What is the Punnett Square used for?

Back

It is a tool used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms.

Front

What is codominance in genetics?

Back

A genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.

Front

What is a pedigree in genetics?

Back

A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors.

Front

Define genotype.

Back

The genetic constitution of an individual, represented by the alleles inherited from the parents.

Front

Define phenotype.

Back

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?

Back

Dominant traits are expressed in the phenotype even when only one allele is present, while recessive traits are expressed only when two recessive alleles are present.

Front

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

Back

To determine the probability of an offspring inheriting particular traits from its parents.

Front

What does it mean for an organism to be heterozygous?

Back

An organism that has two different alleles for a specific gene, such as 'Aa'.