AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 4.7*: Regulation of Cell Cycle

Front

What are proto-oncogenes?

Back

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes due to mutations or increased expression, leading to cancer.

Front

What is an oncogene?

Back

An oncogene is a mutated form of a proto-oncogene that promotes uncontrolled cell division and can lead to cancer.

Front

What is the function of the G1 checkpoint?

Back

The G1 checkpoint determines whether the cell is ready to divide, checking for cell size, nutrients, and DNA integrity.

Front

What is the function of the S phase in the cell cycle?

Back

The S phase is where DNA replication occurs, resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes.

Front

What is the G2 checkpoint responsible for?

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The G2 checkpoint verifies that DNA has been replicated correctly and checks for any DNA damage before mitosis.

Front

What happens during the M checkpoint?

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The M checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus before proceeding with mitosis.

Front

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

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Cyclins are proteins that regulate the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which drive the cell through different phases.

Front

What are cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)?

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CDKs are enzymes that, when activated by cyclins, phosphorylate target proteins to regulate the cell cycle.

Front

What is apoptosis?

Back

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells, maintaining healthy tissue.

Front

What is the significance of the M phase?

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The M phase is the stage of the cell cycle where mitosis occurs, resulting in the division of the cell into two daughter cells.