Macromolecules, enzymes and properties of water

Front

What are macromolecules?

Back

Macromolecules are large, complex molecules that are essential for life, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is the primary function of enzymes?

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process.

Front

What happens to enzymes at extreme pH levels?

Back

Enzymes can become denatured and inactive when exposed to extreme pH levels, losing their functional shape.

Front

What are the four main types of macromolecules?

Back

The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?

Back

HCl lowers the pH in the stomach, activating pepsinogen to pepsin, which digests proteins.

Front

Define cohesion in the context of water molecules.

Back

Cohesion is the tendency of water molecules to stick to one another due to hydrogen bonding.

Front

What are hydrogen bonds?

Back

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, crucial for the properties of water.

Front

How do temperature changes affect enzyme activity?

Back

Lower temperatures reduce the reaction rate of enzymes, while higher temperatures can denature them.

Front

What are nucleic acids composed of?

Back

Nucleic acids are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P).

Front

What is the difference between adhesion and cohesion?

Back

Adhesion is the attraction between different substances, while cohesion is the attraction between similar substances.