Benchmark Review, Q2 (Protein Synthesis, Cell Cycle, Meiosis)

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate proteins based on the instructions encoded in DNA.

Front

What are the main stages of the cell cycle?

Back

The cell cycle consists of interphase (G1, S, G2) and the mitotic phase (M).

Front

What is meiosis?

Back

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells.

Front

Define a chromosome.

Back

A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What happens during telophase of mitosis?

Back

The chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, and the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA.

Front

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Back

Humans have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.