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What is the definition of a population in statistics?

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A population is the entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn.

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What is a sample in statistics?

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A sample is a subset of a population, selected for the purpose of conducting a study.

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What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

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Descriptive statistics summarize and describe the characteristics of a data set, while inferential statistics use a random sample of data to make inferences about the larger population.

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What is a null hypothesis?

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A null hypothesis is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the starting point for statistical testing.

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What is a p-value?

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A p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

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What does it mean if a result is statistically significant?

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A result is statistically significant if the p-value is less than the predetermined significance level (usually 0.05), indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis.

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What is a confidence interval?

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A confidence interval is a range of values, derived from a data set, that is likely to contain the value of an unknown population parameter.

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What is the Central Limit Theorem?

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The Central Limit Theorem states that the distribution of the sample means approaches a normal distribution as the sample size increases, regardless of the shape of the population distribution.

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What is a Type I error?

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A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.

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What is a Type II error?

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A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false.