Stats Fall 2024 Final Part 2

Front

What is the definition of a population in statistics?

Back

A population is the entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn.

Front

What is a sample in statistics?

Back

A sample is a subset of a population, selected for the purpose of conducting a study.

Front

What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

Back

Descriptive statistics summarize and describe the characteristics of a data set, while inferential statistics use a random sample of data to make inferences about the larger population.

Front

What is a null hypothesis?

Back

A null hypothesis is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the starting point for statistical testing.

Front

What is a p-value?

Back

A p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

Front

What does it mean if a result is statistically significant?

Back

A result is statistically significant if the p-value is less than the predetermined significance level (usually 0.05), indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis.

Front

What is a confidence interval?

Back

A confidence interval is a range of values, derived from a data set, that is likely to contain the value of an unknown population parameter.

Front

What is the Central Limit Theorem?

Back

The Central Limit Theorem states that the distribution of the sample means approaches a normal distribution as the sample size increases, regardless of the shape of the population distribution.

Front

What is a Type I error?

Back

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.

Front

What is a Type II error?

Back

A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is actually false.