NC Biology EOC Review: Cell Processes: Growth & Reproduction

Front

What is the process of copying a DNA strand to make new DNA called?

Back

Replication

Front

What are the correct pairings of DNA nitrogen bases according to the base pair rule?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine; Guanine pairs with Cytosine.

Front

What structure contains genetic information inside the nucleus?

Back

Chromosomes, which are made of two sister chromatids held together by a centromere.

Front

Which type of RNA brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA), which contains the anticodon.

Front

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide includes a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Front

What is the function of rRNA in the cell?

Back

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes and helps in protein synthesis.

Front

Define the term 'chromatid'.

Back

A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome, joined to its sister chromatid at the centromere.

Front

What is the significance of the centromere?

Back

The centromere is the region where two sister chromatids are joined together and is crucial during cell division.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying DNA to make RNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.