Research PTA 110

Front

How many levels of evidence are there?

Back

5

Front

Level one evidence?

Back

Strongest evidence: evidence obtained from high-quality Dx studies, prospective studies, or randomized controlled trials.

Front

Level two evidence?

Back

Evidence from lesser-quality Dx studies, prospective studies, or randomized controlled trials.

Front

Level three evidence?

Back

Case controlled studies or retrospective studies.

Front

Level four evidence?

Back

Case series

Front

Level five evidence?

Back

Expert opinion: weakest evidence

Front

What are the grades in the grades of recommendation?

Back

A,B,C,D,E and F

Front

Grade A?

Back

Strongest recommendation. A preponderance of level one and/or studies of level two. This evidence is obtained from high quality Dx studies.

Front

Grade B?

Back

Moderate evidence: a single high quality randomized controlled trial or a preponderance of level two studies support recommendation

Front

Grade C?

Back

Weak evidence: single level three/four study.