MS-PS1-4: Thermal Energy and Phase Changes

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Matter Noun

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[mat-er]

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Matter

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Any substance that has mass and occupies space, making up all physical objects in the known universe.

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Example: This image shows how particles are arranged in solids, liquids, and gases, illustrating that matter occupies space and has mass.

Front

Particle Noun

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[par-ti-kuhl]

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Particle

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A tiny piece of matter, too small to be seen with the naked eye, that is in constant motion.

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Example: Particles are shown moving, illustrating their constant motion and small size.

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Model Noun

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[mod-l]

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Model

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A representation used to help think about and understand scientific ideas that are difficult to observe directly.

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Example: A molecular model shows how atoms bond to form molecules, representing structures we can't see directly.

Front

Phase of Matter Noun

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[fayz uv mat-er]

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Phase of Matter

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The distinct forms in which matter can exist, most commonly observed as a solid, liquid, or gas.

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Example: The image shows how particles are arranged in solid, liquid, and gas states, illustrating the phases of matter.

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Solid Noun

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[sol-id]

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Solid

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A phase of matter characterized by having a definite shape and a definite volume due to tightly packed particles.

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Example: The image shows a solid structure of tightly packed particles, demonstrating a solid's definite shape and volume.

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Liquid Noun

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[lik-wid]

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Liquid

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A phase of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of the bottom of its container.

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Example: The image shows particles in a liquid state, filling the bottom of a beaker, demonstrating how liquids take the shape of their container.

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Gas Noun

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[gas]

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Gas

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A phase of matter that has no definite shape or volume and expands to fill its entire container.

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Example: The image shows different gases like air and helium, explaining that gases have no fixed shape or volume.

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Volume Noun

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[vol-yoom]

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Volume

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The amount of three-dimensional space that a substance or object occupies, measured in units like cubic centimeters.

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Example: The image shows how to read the volume of liquid in a graduated cylinder, using measurement markings.

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Bonds Noun

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[bondz]

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Bonds

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The attractive forces that hold particles together, being very strong in solids and weaker but present in liquids.

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Example: The image shows hydrogen and oxygen atoms forming covalent bonds to create a water molecule.

Front

Density Noun

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[den-si-tee]

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Density

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A measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume, often expressed as mass per unit volume.

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Example: Objects with different densities float or sink in water, showing how mass and volume relate to density.