(SV) RI 7.5- ANALYZING TEXT STRUCTURES

RI 7.5- ANALYZING TEXT STRUCTURES

Multiple Choice

You have probably heard of gypsies before. This word is often used to refer to people who spend their lives traveling from place to place. Many people enjoy seeing different parts of the world. But could you imagine not having a country to call home?

A stateless person is someone who does not have a citizenship. Sometimes, countries cease to exist. A new government needs to be established in order for the people there to have citizenship. If a new country is not formed, the people who live there could be considered stateless. This can also happen in places where there is a dispute over territory. Countries also sometimes refuse to give citizenship to groups of people altogether.

Other times, countries may decide to take a person’s citizenship. One case where this might happen is if someone fights in a country’s army that opposes his or her home country. The country may decide to strip this person of his or her citizenship.

How does the organizational structure of this passage support the author's purpose?

• It compares the causes of statelessness and lists many of its effects.

• It gives facts and explanations about the idea of statelessness.

• It gives arguments to persuade people that denying citizenship is right.

• It compares and classifies the different kinds of citizenships and residencies.

Multiple Choice

Fruits or Vegetables?

A topic that still remains debatable—especially between cooking and agricultural groups—is the distinction between fruits and vegetables. It may seem strange that fruits are not always fruits and vegetables are not always vegetables, but categorizing them may not be that simple.

A botanist will make it clear that a fruit is a structure that bears seeds. This includes apples, squash, and even tomatoes. This means that the other parts, like roots, leaves, and stems, will be counted as vegetables. A botanist looks at the parts of a plant in order to determine what it is and how it will be classified.

On the other hand, someone who studies the art of cooking looks at the taste of the food rather than its physical makeup. A chef notices that foods like eggplants, bell peppers, and tomatoes—all foods categorized as fruits by a botanist—are savory rather than sweet; in this case, they are classified as vegetables.

Unfortunately, the categorical characteristics of fruits and vegetables are not agreed upon. The good news is that they do not have to be. Fruits and vegetables are studied and used for a variety of purposes, so labeling them is not always necessary.

Complete the following sentence.

The passage uses ____________________

in order to describe characteristics of fruits and vegetables.

• COMPARE & CONTRAST

• CAUSE & EFFECT

• DESCRIPTION

• SEQUENCE

Multiple Choice

In 1863, Abraham Lincoln issued The Emancipation Proclamation. This action did not have much effect on the hardships of the average American slave at the time. Even worse is the fact that one hundred years later, the African American was still not free. Jim Crow Segregation continued in the South. For black citizens in the North, discrimination and economic problems still continued as well. The Civil Rights Movement tried to change this. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, leaders in the black freedom movement began to emerge. Different leaders with different ideas helped to shape the Civil Rights Movement.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most well-known leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. He asked that people protest with their voices and their money against discrimination. Another leader in the Civil Rights Movement was the Black Panther Party. The Black Panthers supported making a change by any means necessary. Both had the common goal of black freedom in mind, but their ways of getting to this freedom were different. King wanted integration. This meant he wanted white and black to live and work together. The Panthers wanted separation. Also, King saw the white citizen as playing a large part in creating and upholding black civil rights. The Panthers, on the other hand, wanted no part of a white government. Finally King called for non-violent ways to reach equality. The Panthers stood by the "any means necessary" belief. These basic differences would keep the two parties from working together even though they had a common goal.

The section above uses its text structure

• to show how the Black Panthers and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. have similarities and differences.

• to show how the Black Panthers and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. were different from Abraham Lincoln.

• to show that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s method was best in fighting for people's civil rights.

• to show that the Black Panthers' method was the best method in fighting for people's civil rights.

Multiple Choice

Quick! Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable? Most people would probably say that it is a vegetable. After all, we eat them in a salad, right? But scientifically, tomatoes are classified as fruit. In fact, there is probably a bunch of other fruits that you would call vegetables and vice versa.

In biology, the study of life, a true fruit is one that develops with seeds inside of it. Oranges, raspberries, and grapefruit are examples of true fruits. However, by this definition, bean pods, corn kernels, and wheat grains are also considered fruit.

Some common fruits, like apples and pears, are considered false or accessory fruits. This is because they grow around or near the actual fruit, or the part of the plant that contains the seeds. The core of the apple is actually the fruit because it contains the seeds. The part of the apple that we eat is considered an accessory to the fruit.

In addition to the tomato, the group of fruits that we cook and eat like vegetables includes eggplants, cucumbers, and pumpkins.

Which sentence from the passage helps the reader determine what kind of organization is being used?

• However, by this definition, bean pods, corn kernels, and wheat grains are also considered fruit.

• In addition to the tomato, the group of fruits that we cook and eat like vegetables includes eggplants, cucumbers, and pumpkins.

• After all, we eat them in a salad, right?

• The core of the apple is actually the fruit because it contains the seeds.

Multiple Choice

Food allergy and food intolerance are both the body’s reactions to some ingredient in food. However, they affect different body systems.

When a person is allergic to a food, his or her body mistakes an ingredient in the food as harmful. A protein in a food is usually the culprit. The body’s immune system tries to attack the food. The most common food allergies are to nuts, milk, soy products, fish, shellfish, and wheat.

On the other hand, food intolerance is a digestive system problem. When someone is intolerant to a food, it means that his or her body cannot properly digest or break it down. The food irritates his or her digestive system. Lactose (the sugar found in dairy products like milk and cheese) is the most common food intolerance.

While some of the symptoms of food allergy and intolerance are the same—nausea and stomach pain—most of them are drastically different. Common symptoms of food intolerance are mostly annoying or uncomfortable. They include diarrhea, gas, cramps, bloating, and headaches. Food intolerance can be treated with over-the-counter medication.

Food allergies can be very severe. Some people develop rashes or hives, have chest pains or shortness of breath, and in some cases, they can even go into shock. When this happens, a person may not be able to breathe, and his or her blood pressure drops very quickly. Food allergies can even result in death. Many people have to carry around medicine that is prescribed by a doctor in case they have an allergic reaction.

In what ways are food allergies and food intolerance similar?

• Both have mild symptoms that are easily treated.

• Affected persons must see a doctor for medical treatment.

• They both involve the body's reaction to certain foods.

• They both are caused by an immune system reaction.

Multiple Choice

Ice-cream is a delicious frozen treat that comes in a many different colors and flavors. Two of my favorite flavors are strawberry and chocolate. Though both of these flavors are delicious, strawberry may contain pieces of fruit while chocolate usually will not. Even though more chocolate ice-cream is sold across the country annually than strawberry, each flavor tastes great inside of a milk shake.

The author structured this paragraph to--

• list the differences

• explain the difference between strawberry and chocolate ice cream

• suggest chocolate is superior to strawberry

• show that people are not interested in strawberry

Multiple Choice

Freezer burn may have wasted more ice-cream than sidewalks. If you don’t know, freezer burn is when ice crystals form on the surface of ice-cream. These ice crystals can ruin the texture and flavor of the ice cream. But you can prevent freezer burn. Since freezer burn is caused when melted ice-cream is refrozen, rather than eating your ice-cream from the container as it melts, scoop your ice-cream into a bowl and put the container back in the fridge immediately. Doing this ought to help you solve your issues with freezer burn.

This author structures this paragraph to explain --

• the sequence of freezer burn

• the similarities and differences of freezer burnt ice cream

• the effect of freezer burn

• a solution to the freezer burn problem

Multiple Choice

. No one knows the true origin of ice-cream, but the first published ice-cream recipe appears in “Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts,” a cookbook that was printed in London in 1718. Sometime around 1832, an African-American confectioner named Augustus Jackson created multiple ice cream recipes and invented a superior technique to manufacture ice cream. Ice cream soda was invented around 1874, but the real breakthrough may have been at the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis, Missouri when the American ice-cream cone was unveiled!

This author organizes this paragraph by--

• describing ice cream

• presenting events that lead to the origin of the ice cream cone

• providing information about ice cream

• describing the ice cream cone

Multiple Choice

Making ice-cream is not easy. Cream and sugar have to first be mixed in a frozen container. Ingredients may be added at this point, if desired. The mixture must be stirred and whipped until the cream and sugar mixture is frozen. Depending on the equipment, this may take as long as an hour. After the ice-cream is prepared, it must be kept frozen until it is ready to be enjoyed. Making ice-cream is difficult, but most people would agree that it is worth the trouble.

The author structures this paragraph to --

• describe the steps in making ice cream

• showing the differences in ice cream flavors

• providing a solution to the ice cream problem

• present the facts about ice cream