Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis

Multiple Choice

Review-Which choice describes DNA after replication has taken place? Hint Semi- Conservative Model

• one molecule with two original strands and one molecule with two new strands

• B. two molecules, each with one original and one new strand

• C. two molecules, each with two new strands

• D. two molecules, each with two old strands

UNIVERSAL CODE

The same DNA nucleotides components exist in all organisms, just in a different order/sequence. **KEY INFORMATION!!

Multiple Choice

If we compare the genetic codes of any organism, which statement is MOST accurate?

• All organisms have exactly the same genetic code.

• B. All organisms have the same genome, but the number of chromosomes per organism varies.

• C. All organisms have exactly the same components in their DNA, but it varies in number and sequence.

• D. There are almost no similarities between the genetic code of all organisms

REMEMBER THE ORDER OF THE CENTRAL DOGMA : DNA-RNA- protein

Multiple Choice

A diagram of a cellular process is shown below. Which of the following identifies the processes shown at point A, B and C?

• A. A-transcription, B-replication, C-translation

• B. A-replication, B-transcription, C-translation

• C. A-translation, B-replication, C-transcription

• D. A-replication, B-translation, C-transcription

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order to make a protein?

• Protein, DNA, RNA

• RNA, DNA, Protein

• DNA, RNA, Protein

• Protein, RNA, DNA

Transcription (in nucleus)

¨The information in DNA is copied into mRNA

¨Uses base pairing rules

C with G   

A with U (there is no T in RNA)

¨Codons

Groups of 3 nucleotides

Only found on mRNA

Each codon represents a single amino acid

These codons represent the universal genetic code

STOP CHECK FOR understanding.

Direction: Complete this section on your worksheet in teams in unit 5B DNA.

Multiple Choice

Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand:

GTAGTCA

• UATUAGA

• ACGACTG

• CAUCAGU

• CATCAGT

Multiple Choice

DNA contains the template to make RNA

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The transfer of genetic info from DNA to RNA is called

• translation

• transcription

• initiation

• elongation

Multiple Choice

Which RNA carries the message?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Translation

Made by joining amino acids into long chains called polypeptides

¨Sequence of the amino acids determines the protein

The steps:

¨mRNA is sent to the ribosome

¨mRNA reads 3 letters at a time (these 3 letters are called codon)

Each codon represents a single amino acid (AUG=Start)

These codons represent the universal genetic code

Putting it all together

Complete this section of your worksheet by using the diagram on the next slide. You can also find the next slide in your PPt on Teams.

How To Read a Codon Chart

Stop and check for understanding: Translation Practice

Directions: Complete this section using the same worksheet. There are two types of Codon charts. The chart on this page you have to read it by size order. Start with the largest letter than, medium, than small. The mRNA strand ( AAA) codes for the amino acid Lysine. After this section finish the ,multiple choice questions and the rest of the worksheet,

Extra support: How To Read A Codon Chart

FYI all videos can be changed to Spanish

If you still don't understand how to read a codon chart then watch this video! Feel free to skip to the part you need. If you need more support reach out in the help desk or ask for help.

Multiple Choice

What amino acid would be added to the protein being formed during translation if the mRNA codon reads "AUG?"

• Phenylalanine

• Tyrosine

• Leucine

• Methionine

Multiple Choice

What type of molecule is the end product of translation?

• Glucose
  Glucose
• Fatty Acid
• Glycogen
• Protein

Multiple Choice

Where in the cell does translation take place?

• Nucleus
• DNA
• Chloroplast
• Ribosome

Multiple Choice

What is this a picture of?

• mRNA
• tRNA
• rRNA
• pRNA

Multiple Choice

What structure in a cell is the site for making proteins?

• ribosomes
• mitochondria
• lysosome
• Golgi body

Multiple Choice

What is the correct sequence?

• RNA --> DNA --> Protein
• Protein --> RNA --> DNA
• DNA --> RNA --> Protein
• DNA --> Protein --> RNA

Multiple Choice

Using the codon identify the amino acid sequence:
AUG-CCA-GUA-GGG-UAA

• MET-HIS-ALA-GLY-STOP
• MET-PRO-GLY-VAL-STOP
• MET-PRO-VAL-GLY-STOP
• MET-THR-SER-ASP-STOP

Multiple Choice

How many bases are in one codon?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

. What are the building blocks of proteins called?

• nucleotides

• proteins

• amino acids

• carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

In mRNA, each codon specifies a particular 

• nucleotide
• amino acid
• purine
• pyrimidine