Science Benchmark Review

Science Benchmark Review

Let's do our best on our TEST!

Agenda:

• Review Standards

• Short Quiz after each Standard Review

• EXIT Ticket

Poll

How are we feeling today?

• 0-2 Happy

• 3-5 Okay

• 6-8 Worried

• 9-10 Not Happy

6.E2U1.10 - I can use a model to show how the tilt of the Earth’s axis causes variations in the length of the day and gives rise to seasons.

Earth's Tilt and Seasons

Earth's Tilt

Instead of rotating upright, the Earth's axis is tilted 23.5 degrees.

Seasons

The four seasons happen because of the tilt of the Earth's axis. At different times of the year, the sun's rays hit different parts of the globe more directly. The angle of the Earth's axis tilts the Northern Hemisphere towards the sun during the summer. Without the tilt of the earth's axis, we wouldn't have seasons.

How Earth Moves

The earth moves in two ways. It spins on its axis and it moves around the sun. The path the Earth takes around the Sun is called an orbit.

Multiple Choice

Day and Night are caused by?

• The Earth completing a full orbit around the Sun

• The rotation of Earth on its axis

• The Sun completing a full orbit around the Earth

• The rotation of the Sun on its axis

Multiple Choice

Throughout the year, areas of Earth's surface are either tilted away or toward the Sun. This is a result of the Earth being tilted on its axis. What is the main impact of this phenomenon?

• it causes tides.

• it generates winds

• it influences ocean currents

• it produces seasons

6.E2U1.7 - I can use ratios and proportions to analyze and interpret data related to scale, properties, and relationships among objects in our solar system.

Solar System

Solar System

The Solar System is made up of the Sun and all of the smaller objects that move around it.

Objects in the Solar System

The Sun is the largest object in our Solar System, followed by its eight orbiting planets. The Sun's gravitational pull keeps the planets moving in an orbit around the sun.

Other Objects in the Solar System

Our Solar System is also composed of other objects that are not planets. These objects are very small compared to planets. These objects are comets, asteroids, and dwarf planets. Anything that is caught in the Sun's gravitational pull is part of our Solar System.

Bigger Things

The Solar System seems very large. But, our Solar System is quite small compared to many other objects in the Universe!

How do they move?

In space, objects with great mass pull other objects to them. That pull is a force called gravity.

Multiple Choice

The Earth, the Sun, and the seven other planets that are in orbit around the Sun are part of __________.

• a star cluster

• a black hole

• a constellation

• a Solar System

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the smallest?

• the Universe

• the Milky Way Galaxy

• the Solar System

• the Sun

Multiple Choice

The __________ force between each planet and the Sun keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun.

• gravitational

• magnetic

• nuclear

• frictional

6.E2U1.8 - I can develop and use models to explain how constellations and other night sky patterns appear to move due to Earth’s rotation and revolution.

Constellations

What is a constellation?

A constellation is a group of visible stars that form a pattern when viewed from Earth. The pattern they form may take the shape of an animal, a mythological creature, a man, a woman, or an inanimate object such as a microscope, a compass, or a crown.

Stars do not move.

As the Earth rotates on its axis, stars appear to move from east to west in the sky.

Earth moves.

As Earth orbits the Sun at certain times of the year there will be different constellations that we might see at night. Some constellations are only seen in the same months every year.

Stars in constellations do not change. They will always form a shape. Stars are too far away to notice any changes. They will always be in the same spot as the Earth rotates on its axis and orbits the Sun.

Multiple Choice

Gary looked at the Moon and stars in the night sky on his birthday. If he looked at the night sky again on his next birthday, what would he see?

• the same stars

• the same moon phase and stars

• the same moon phase

• different stars

Multiple Choice

People who look at the stars in the night sky have seen and named pictures, called constellations, in certain groups of stars. Many people can see the same constellations because __________.

• the stars all move in different directions

• the stars form patterns that do not change

• there are lines in the sky connecting the stars

• the stars in each group are different colors.

Multiple Choice

The positions of stars in the sky constantly change. What causes these changes?

• Earth rotates on its axis, and Earth orbits the Sun.

• Earth rotates on its axis, and Earth orbits the Moon.

• Stars orbit the Sun just like the Earth does.

• Stars orbit Earth just like the Moon does.

Multiple Choice

Stars appear to move in the sky from _____ to _____.

• east to west

• south to north

• north to south

• west to east

6.E2U1.9 - I can develop and use models to construct an explanation of how eclipses, moon phases, and tides occur within the Sun-Earth-Moon system.

Tides, Eclipses & Moon Phases

Moon

As the moon orbits the Earth, we can see a different amount of the moon is lit by the sun from our perspective on Earth.

Moon Phases

The phases of the moon are caused by its orbit around the Earth.

A Month?

A month is as long as it takes for the moon to make one complete orbit around the Earth.

Multiple Choice

What event happens about once every month?

• a revolution of the Earth around the Sun.

• a Full Moon

• a Lunar Eclipse

• a rotation of the Earth

Tides

Tides are the rise and fall of the levels of the ocean.

Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon as well as the rotation of the Earth.

Multiple Choice

Tides describe the regular rising and falling of ocean water. Tides are caused by ___________.

• the rotation of the Moon on its axis.

• large storm systems over oceans.

• the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon.

• earthquakes on the ocean floor.

Eclipses

An eclipse occurs when one object in space blocks another object. On Earth it will block an observer from seeing another object in space.

Solar Eclipse

A solar eclipse happens when the Moon passes in front of the Sun. This causes a shadow to fall on certain portions of the Earth.

Solar Eclipse:

SUN, Moon, Earth

Lunar Eclipse

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's shadow. Lunar eclipses have the same phases as solar eclipses including the umbra (total) and penumbra (partial).

Lunar Eclipse:

SUN, Earth, Moon

Multiple Choice

What is TRUE of the eclipse shown in the picture?

• It is a Lunar Eclipse, in which the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth.

• It is a Solar Eclipse, in which the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.

• It is a Lunar Eclipse, in which the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.

• It is a Solar Eclipse, in which the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth.

Multiple Choice

What is TRUE of the eclipse shown in the picture?

• It is a Lunar Eclipse, in which the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth.

• It is a Solar Eclipse, in which the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.

• It is a Solar Eclipse, in which the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth.

• It is a Lunar Eclipse, in which the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.

6.P2U1.4 - I can develop and use a model to predict how forces act on objects at a distance.

Gravity

What is Gravity?

Gravity is a force of attraction that pulls together all matter (anything you can physically touch). The more matter something has, the greater the force of its gravity.

That means really big objects like planets and stars have a stronger gravitational pull on smaller objects.

The Sun

The gravitational pull of an object depends on how massive it is and how close it is to the other object.

For example, the Sun has much more gravity than Earth, but we stay on Earth’s surface instead of being pulled to the Sun because we are much closer to Earth.

Weight?

And did you know that weight is based on gravity? Weight is actually the measurement of the force of gravity pulling on an object.

For example, your weight on Earth is how hard gravity is pulling you toward Earth’s surface.

Thank You Gravity!

Gravity is the reason objects fall back down to Earth when thrown in the air. Or why you do not float away into space when you jump up off the ground.

Multiple Choice

Gravity pulls on all objects. Which of these animals does gravity pull on with the MOST force?

• a mouse

• a person

• an elephant

• all of these

Multiple Choice

Why does the Moon have a greater influence on Earth's tides than the Sun does?

• because the Moon is farther away from Earth than the Sun is.

• because the Moon is more massive than the Sun.

• because the Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun is.

• because the Moon is less massive than the Sun.

Open Ended

How do you feel about your Science Benchmark test? Do you feel ready?