Periodic trends

Periodic trends

Be sure the nuber of valence electrons is recorded on your periodic table!

Multiple Choice

Elements in the same column of the periodic table always have the same # of _______ as one another.

• Protons

• Neutrons

• Valence Electrons

Multiple Choice

Which elements have the most similar chemical properties?

• boron and carbon

• oxygen and sulfur

• aluminum and bromine

Multiple Choice

USE THE PERIODIC TABLE

How many valence electrons does Phosphorus have?

• 31

• 5

• 15

Multiple Choice

Valence electrons are the...

• Innermost electrons

• Middle electrons

• Outermost electrons

Multiple Choice

How do positive ions form?

• by gaining electrons

• getting compliments

• by losing electrons

• gaining more protons

Multiple Choice

Most elements will gain or lose electrons so that they end up with _______ valence electrons.

• 2

• 6

• 8

• 10

Multiple Choice

As you move across a period (row), the shielding effect

• increases

• decreases

• stays constant

Multiple Choice

As you move down a group, shielding

• increases because there are more energy levels and inner electrons

• increases because there are more protons

• stays constant because the number of valence electrons stays the same

SUMMARIZE ATOMIC RADIUS IN THE SIDEBAR OF YOUR NOTES

• AR decreases going across a period which means the atom is getting smaller. This occurs because there are more protons pulling the electron cloud closer to the nucleus

• AR increases going down a group which means the atom is getting bigger. This happens because there are more energy levels and the electron cloud is getting larger

Multiple Choice

As you move across the periodic table atoms tend to get smaller because, ______________.

• the atoms have less electrons.

• the atoms have less neutrons

• The atoms have more protons pulling the electrons in closer to nucleus

Multiple Choice

As you move down the periodic table atoms get bigger because ____________.

• The atoms have more neutrons

• The atoms have more protons pulling the electrons in closer to nucleus

• The atoms have more energy levels

Multiple Choice

The atom with the largest atomic radius in Group 18 is -

• Ar

• He

• Rn

Multiple Choice

Ionization energy is the...

• energy needed to remove the outermost electron.
• ability of an atom to attract electrons from another atom.

Multiple Choice

Which element has the greatest ionization energy: Aluminum (Al) or Chlorine (Cl)?

• Aluminum (Al)

• Chlorine (Cl)

Multiple Choice

Which element has the greatest electronegativity: Nitrogen (N) or Arsenic (As)?

• Nitrogen (N)

• Arsenic (As)

SUMMARIZE IONIZATION ENERGY IN THE SIDEBAR OF YOUR NOTES

• Ionization energy increases across a period which means it will take more energy to remove an electron. This happens because there are more protons pulling on the electrons

• Ionization energy decreases down a group which means it will take less energy to remove an electron. This happens due to the increase in energy levels which increases the distance between protons and valence electrons and increases shielding from inner electrons

SUMMARIZE ELECTRONEGATIVITY IN THE SIDEBAR OF YOUR NOTES

• Electronegativity increases across a period which means the atom is more able to attract (hog) the electrons This happens because there are more protons pulling on the electrons

• Electronegativity decreases down a group which means the atom is less able to attract (hog) the electrons. This happens due to the increase in energy levels which increases the distance between protons and valence electrons and increases shielding from inner electrons

Multiple Choice

The element with the largest electronegativity in the halogens is -

• At

• F

• Br

Multiple Choice

Electronegativity __________ from left to right within a period and __________ from top to bottom within a group.

• decreases, increases

• increases, decreases

Multiple Choice

Electronegativity is the...

• energy needed to remove the outermost electron.
• ability of an atom to attract electrons from another atom.