Periodicity

Periodicity

IB Chemistry

Periodic Table

• Elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number

• Elements in the same group have similar properties

• Physical and chemical properties vary across a period

Multiple Choice

Which element shows chemical behavior similar to calcium?

• strontium

• chlorine

• boron

• sodium

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best determines the order in which elements are arranged in the modern form of the periodic table?

• relative atomic mass

• mass number

• atomic number

• chemical reactivity

Multiple Choice

Which statement is correct about the element with atomic number 20?

• It is in Group 14.

• It is in Group 2.

• It is a transition metal.

• It is a halogen.

Multiple Choice

An element is in group 14 and period 3 of the periodic table. How many electrons are in the highest occupied energy level of an atom of this element?

• 3

• 4

• 12

• 14

Multiple Choice

Which statements about the periodic table are correct?

I. Elements in Period 3 have similar chemical properties.

II. Elements in Group 7 show a gradual change in physical properties.

III. The position of an element in Period 3 is related to the number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level.

• I and II only

• I and III only

• II and III only

• I, II and III

Multiple Choice

Which element can be found in Group 17 Period 4?

• 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²

• [Ne]3s²3p⁵

• [Ar]4s²3d⁵

• [Ar]4s²3d¹⁰4p⁵

Periodic Trends

• When elements are arranged according to their atomic numbers, a repeating pattern is observed for their properties

• Atomic & Ionic Radius, Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity, Electronegativity

• Properties of metal & non-metal oxides

Multiple Choice

Which property generally decreases across period 3?

• atomic number

• electronegativity

• first ionization energy

• atomic radius

Multiple Choice

Which property increases down group 1?

• first ionization energy

• melting point

• reactivity

• electronegativity

Multiple Choice

What is the best definition of electronegativity?

• Electronegativity is the energy required for a gaseous atom to gain an electron.

• Electronegativity is the attraction of an atom for a bonding pair of electrons.

• Electronegativity is the attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons of an atom.

• Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons from another atom.

Multiple Choice

Which series is arranged in order of increasing atomic radius?

• F < Cl^- < Cl

• Rb < K < Na

• Al³⁺ < Mg²⁺ < Na⁺

• I^- < Br^- < Cl^-

Multiple Choice

Which statements are true about halogens?

I. Fluorine will react with potassium chloride solution to produce chlorine.

II. Iodine will react with sodium chloride solution to produce chlorine.

III. Bromine will react with lithium iodide solution to produce iodine.

• I and II only

• I and III only

• II and III only

• I, II and III

Multiple Choice

Which oxides produce an acidic solution when dissolved in water?

I. P₄O₁₀

II. MgO

III. SO₃

• I and II only

• I and III only

• II and III only

• I, II and III

Multiple Choice

Which ion has the largest radius?

• Cl^-

• K⁺

• Br^-

• F^-

Multiple Choice

The electrogenativities of four elements are given below. Which statement is correct?

• W and X form an ionic compound

• W and X form a covalent compound

• Y and Z form an ionic compound

• Y and Z form a covalent compound

Multiple Choice

Which statement defines the first ionization energy?

• The energy released when one mole of electrons is removed from one mole of gaseous atoms.

• The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.

• The energy released when one mole of gaseous atoms gains one mole of electrons.

• The energy required to add one mole of electrons to one mole of gaseous atoms.

Multiple Choice

The horizontal axis of the bar chart represents the elements of period 3 from sodium to chlorine (excluding silicon). What could the vertical axis represent?

• melting point of the element

• electronegativity of the bonded atom

• ionic radius of the common ion

• first ionization energy in the gaseous state

Multiple Choice

Which equation best represents the first ionization of magnesium?

• Mg (s) → Mg²⁺ (s) + 2e^-

• Mg (g) → Mg²⁺ (g) + 2e^-

• Mg (g) → Mg⁺ (g) + e^-

• Mg (s) → Mg⁺ (g) + e^-

Multiple Choice

The first five ionization energies, in kJ mol^-1, of a certain element are 577, 1980, 2960, 6190 and 8700 respectively. Which group does the element belong to? (HL)

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Which combination of characteristics of metal X and non metal Y is most likely to lead to ionic bonding?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

Which metal has the strongest metallic bond?

• Li

• Na

• K

• Rb

Multiple Choice

All of the following factors affect the value of the first ionization energy of an element except the...

• mass of the atom

• charge on the nucleus

• size of the atom

Multiple Choice

Which properties decreases down both Groups 1 and 17?

I. Melting point

II. First Ionization Energy

III. Electronegativity

• I and II only

• I and III only

• II and III only

• I, II and III

Multiple Choice

Which equation represents the first electron affinity of chlrine?

• Cl (g) → Cl^+ (g) + e^-

• Cl⁺ (g) + e^- → Cl (g)

• 1/2 Cl₂ (g) + e^- → Cl^- (g)

• Cl (g) + e- → Cl^- (g)

Multiple Choice

Which describes the oxide of sodium, Na₂O?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What property is represented by the y-axis of the graph?

• first ionization energy

• ionic radius

• atomic radius

• electronegativity