Blood Types

Blood Types

Blood Transfusions

Blood transfusions are a lifesaving treatment for many Americans. Blood transfusions are needed for many reasons, including surgery, after accidents, and for patients with chronic illnesses and cancer.

Blood cannot be artificially made, so doctors rely on volunteer donations. To keep the blood supply safe, every donation is tested for blood type and checked for infectious diseases.

Open Ended

Why would someone need a blood transfusion?

What are the components of Blood?

• All blood contains the same basic components:

• red blood cells

• white blood cells

• platelets

• plasma

• But not everyone has the same blood type.

Blood Types

There are two types systems the blood technicians use to categorize blood. The first system is the ABO System and the second is Rh factor system.  The ABO system has 4 different groups and they consist of group A, group B, group AB, and group O. The Rh factor system only has 2 groups so you are either (+) positive or (-) negative. Technicians use both of these systems together to identify a person's blood type. Combine they make up 8 blood types a person could be classified under.

        

                   A+         B+         AB+         O+

             A-          B-          AB-           O- 

  In the chart below you will see the many ways blood types can be compatible with other blood types. (O-) blood can be given to any blood type so they are considered a "Universal Donor." A person with (AB+) blood can receive all types of blood and is considered a "Universal Receiver." A person with (A) blood type can only be given (A) or (O) type blood. This is the same for (B) type blood. They can only be given (B) or (O) type blood. 

Multiple Choice

Universal Blood donor is?

• O

• O-

• AB

• A

Multiple Choice

Universal Receiver of blood is ?

• A

• AB+

• O

Rh Factor

 A person with a (+) positive Rh factor can receive both (+) positive and (-) negative blood but a person with (-) negative Rh factor can only receive (-) negative blood. 

Multiple Choice

A person with (-) negative Rh factor can only receive

• O

• (+) positive blood

• (-) negative blood.

• AB

The Next slide has a chart. You need to study it and determine which types of donors can give blood to which people.

Multiple Choice

Using the image and material listed on the other slides.

A donor with Type O Blood and give blood to people with what types of blood?

• A

• B

• O

• AB

• All types of Blood

Multiple Choice

A Donor that is AB can only give blood to ?

• A

• B

• O

• AB

Multiple Choice

A blood donor who has B type blood can give blood to people with what types of blood?

• A and AB

• B and AB

• AB

• O, A, B, and AB

Multiple Choice

A blood donor with A type blood can give blood to people with what types of blood?

• B and AB

• all types

• O

• A and AB

What is your blood type?

Have you been tested lately?

So, there are 8 possible blood types.

• O negative (-)

• O positive (+)

• A positive (+)

• A negative (-)

• B negative (-)

• B positive (+)

• AB negative (-) and AB positive (+)

Blood Type Markers

Having any of these markers (or none of them) doesn't make a person's blood any healthier or stronger. It's just a genetic difference, like having green eyes instead of blue or straight hair instead of curly.

Why are blood types important?

The immune system is the body's protection against invaders. It can identify antigens as self or nonself. To get a blood transfusion safely, a person's immune system must recognize the donor cells as a match to his or her own cells. If a match isn't recognized, the cells are rejected.

Antibodies

The immune system makes proteins called antibodies that act as protectors if foreign cells enter the body. Depending on which blood type you have, your immune system will make antibodies to react against other blood types.

If a patient gets the wrong blood type?

The antibodies immediately set out to destroy the invading cells. This aggressive, whole-body response can give someone a fever, chills, and low blood pressure. It can even cause vital body systems — like breathing or the kidneys — to fail.

Multiple Choice

what happens when your body gets the wrong type of blood?

• Antibodies check it out

• Antibodies attack it immediately to destroy it

• nothing

• Trap it

The end.

Take your Choices paper to your teacher and show her your score.