Muscle fibers and Contraction Review

Muscle fibers and Contraction Review

Multiple Choice

This type of muscle tissue is attached to bones wand helps control voluntary movement

• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth

Multiple Choice

This type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach 

• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth

Multiple Choice

This type of muscle tissue is found only in the heart

• Skeletal
• Cardiac
• Smooth

Types of Muscle Tissues

• skeletal- voluntary movement

• smooth- involuntary

• cardiac- involuntary

Multiple Choice

Bundles of muscle cells are bound together by connective tissue (5) called ...

• epimysium

• perimysium

• sarcomysium

• endomysium

Multiple Choice

An entire muscle is wrapped in a tough translucent sheath called the (3) ...

• endomysium

• fascia

• perimysium

• sarcomysium

Structure

• Facia covers muscle and extends to form the tendons

• endomysium- covers individual muscle fibers

• nerve and blood vessels are attached to the endomysium

• striations are found where the filaments of the myofibrils align

• myofibrils are the long chain of repeating sarcomeres

• filaments are the functional unit of the muscle

Multiple Choice

Structure A is on either side of the sarcomere, it is called the

• A band

• I band

• Z disc

• fascia

Multiple Choice

Structure A is on either side of the sarcomere, it is called the

• A band

• I band

• Z disc

• fascia

Sarcomere

• z disc to z disc

• z disc is the connecting end of the thin filament (that has actin binding sites)

• The titin filament is the coiled structure that attaches to the thick filament (myosin) to the z disc

• The thick filament (myosin) is positioned along the m line

Actin and Myosin

• Actin has binding sites that are the attachment sites for the myosin head

Multiple Choice

The actin is represented by the letter

• A
• B
• C
• D

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the thin myofilaments in the muscle cell?

• Actin
• Myosin
• Myoglobin
• Titan

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the thick myofilaments?

• Actin
• Myosin
• Myoglobin
• Titan

Actin

• inactive actin binding sites are concealed in the double helix

• active actin physical rotates the actin binding sites to myosin

Multiple Choice

What two chemicals are necessary for muscle contraction to occur?

• Niacin and Potassium

• Calcium and ATP

• Sodium and Potassium

• Acetylcholine and Potassium

Multiple Choice

How does the sarcomere shorten (contract) ?

• The myosin filaments contract

• The actin filaments contract

• The myosin is pulled by the actin

• The actin is pulled by the myosin

Multiple Choice

What is a crossbridge?

• Where myosin binds to actin

• Where the calcium crosses into the cytoplasm

• Where calcium binds with troponin

• Where titin and myosin are connected

Contractions under Normal Conditions

• A nerve innervates a muscle cell by sending a neurotransmitter Ach into the synapse

• The muscle cell then increases Ca⁺ uptake in the cell

• The increase in Ca⁺ results in the conformational change of actin

• the Myosin binds with actin creating a cross bridge while utilizing ATP

Cellular Respiration

• Anaerobic- without O₂

• aerobic- with O₂

Multiple Choice

Glycolysis results in the net gain of:

• 2 ATP
• 4 ATP
• 4 NADH
• 2 Acetyl CoA

Multiple Choice

Glycolysis requires O₂

• T

• F

Cellular Respiration

• Glycolysis- anaerobic

• the breaking of glucose molecule into 2 pyruvates

• 2 net ATP

Multiple Choice

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

• glucose & carbon dioxide
• glucose & oxygen
• water & oxygen
• water & carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

The purpose of cellular respiration is to 

• make water
• make ATP
• make glucose
• make  oxygen

Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic

• inside the mitochondria

• pyruvate chemically altered to form acetyl CoA

• 2 cycles in the Krebs cycle (2 ATP)

• The Electron transport chain results in 30-32 ATP

Multiple Choice

A molecule in the muscle that can temporarily store O₂

• myoglobin

• hemoglobin

• muscle globin

• actiglobin

Myoglobin

• similar to hemoglobulin

• is able to store O₂ temporarily in the muscles (red coloration)

Multiple Choice

To repay the oxygen debt, we need to take in deep, gasping breaths at the end of physical activity

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of oxygen debt?

• Amount of oxygen used for aerobic activity minus amount of oxygen actually used

• Amount of oxygen needed at the end of a physical activity to break down any lactic acid

O₂ Debt

• When there is not enough O₂

• The muscles can only complete glycolysis

• lactate builds and is chemically alters into lactic acid

• EPOC- excessive post=exercise oxygen consumption

• to breakdown lactic acid

Multiple Choice

Which is a characteristic of peripheral fatigue?

• It develops during prolonged exercise.

• It develops rapidly and is caused by reduced muscle cell force.

• It is caused by impaired function of the central nervous system.

• It is associated with neurochemical changes in the brain.

Multiple Choice

Muscle fatigue is due in part to the accumulation of:

• lactic acid

• ATP

• carbon dioxide

• pyruvic acid

Muscle Fatigue

• When ATP is depleted

• loss of the ability to contract or sustained contraction

Multiple Select

What are the 2 types of isotonic contractions?

• Eccentric

• Synovial

• Type 1 and 2

• Concentric

• Isometric

Multiple Choice

"Muscle action where the muscle remains the same length" refers to which type of muscle contraction?

• Flexion

• Concentric

• Isometric

• Eccentric

• Abduction

Types of muscle contractions

• isotonic- under constant tension muscle length changes

• concentric- muscle gets shorter

• eccentric- muscle gets longer

• Isometric- muscle length and tension remain constant