Animal Nutrition

Animal Nutrition

Open Ended

In your own words what is Nutrition?

What is Nutrition???

• Nutrition is the science of dealing with the utilization of food by the body processes which transform food into body tissues and energy

Open Ended

Why do you think nutrition is important in Livestock??

What is a Nutrient?

• A single class of food or group of like foods that aids in the support of life and makes it possible for animals to grow or provide energy for physiological processes.

Digestible Nutrient

• The portion of the nutrient which may be broken down (digested) and absorbed and used by the body

Open Ended

What is one example of a digestible nutrient?

Open Ended

What are the 6 Nutrients needed for animals?

6 Nutrients Needed

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

• Fats

• Minerals

• Vitamins

• Water

Water

• The most fundamental nutrient of all living organisms

• ANIMALS NEED WATER

• Accounts for 70% or more of the composition of most plants and animals

Proteins

• Needed for growth and repair

• Helps form muscles, internal organs, skin, hair, wool, feathers, hoofs and horns

• Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Examples of Protein

1.Meat and Bone Meal

2.Fish Meal

3.Soybean Meal

4.Cottonseed Meal

5.Dried Skim Milk

6.Amino Acids

Carbohydrates

• Provides energy for body functions, growth and reproduction

• The largest part of the animal’s food supply and usually the fibrous part of the diet

• Include sugars, starch and cellulose

• Are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Fats

• Helps provide energy reserves, protection for vital organs, and they insulate the body

• Form cholesterol, steroids and other body compounds

• Found in every cell in the body

• Affect the condition of skin and hair

• Are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, but contain much larger proportions of carbon and  hydrogen than carbohydrates do

• Fats are a more concentrated source of energy, up to 2.25 times as much energy as carbohydrates do

Vitamins

• •Are only needed in small amounts

• Are essential for life and health

• Provide a defense against disease, promote growth and reproduction

• Contribute to the general health of the animal

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Minerals

• Primarily found in bones and teeth

• Important in blood for the carrying of oxygen

• Regulates heartbeat with potassium, sodium and calcium

Multiple Choice

Which Nutrient helps provide energy for normal body functions? Includes sugars, starch and cellulose

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

• Minerals

• Fats

• Water

Multiple Choice

Which nutrient is the fundamental nutrient for all living things?

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

• Minerals

• Fats

• Water

Multiple Choice

This nutrient is needed for growth and repair of muscles, internal organs, skin, hair and wool.

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

• Minerals

• Fats

• Water

Multiple Choice

Nutrient that helps store energy in the body and helps provide a layer of insulation.

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

• Minerals

• Fats

• Water

Multiple Choice

This nutrient is important in blood for the carrying of oxygen. It is primarily found in the bones and teeth. Examples include Calcium, Sodium.

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

• Minerals

• Fats

• Water

Multiple Choice

Nutrient that helps fight disease and helps with growth and reproduction

• Protein

• Vitamins

• Minerals

• Fats

• Water

Feed Classifications

• Rouhages

• Concentrates

• Suppplements

Roughages

High in fiber and relatively low in digestible nutrients

Examples

Alfalfa

Clover

Soybean

Oat hay

Corn Silage

Concentrates

Are low in fiber and high in

 digestible nutrients

Examples

Corn

Cottonseed

Barley

Oats

Sorghum

Supplements

Supplements are extras that supply the body with additional nutrients.

Examples

Minerals

Salt

Copper

Iodine

Iron

Vitamin A and D

How do we calculate how much to feed?

Pearson Square

Step 1

• Draw a 1 to 2 inch square. Place diagonal lines across the square.

Step 2

• Write the percentage of crude protein needed by the animal in t he center of the square where the diagonal lines cross

Step 3

• Write the feeds to be used at each corner. Place the percent of crude protein in the feeds after the name of the feed

Step 4

• Subtract the smaller of the numbers from the larger numbers. (This involves crude protein needed by the animal and that provided by the feed.) Write the difference in the opposite corners

Step 5

• The numbers at the two right corners are parts of the two feed ingredients that are needed.

• 26.4 parts corn

  +9.1 parts soybean meal (SBM)

  35.5 total parts

Step 6

• The percentage of each feed needed in the ration can be found by dividing the number of parts by the total parts, then multiply by 100.

• 26.4/ 35.5 = .744 x 100 = 74.4% corn

• 9.1/ 35.5 = .256 x 100 = 25.6% sbm

Step 7

• The amount of each feed ingredient for a large batch of feed is determined by multiplying the percentage of each by the total amount of feed desired

Step 7

• Our batch of feed = 2000 lbs ( 1 ton)

  
  

• 2000lbs x .744 = 1488 lbs Corn

• 2000lbs x .256  = 512 lbs SBM

Open Ended

You have a bagged sweet feed that is 10% protein. You need a 14% protein feed to finish your steer, so you will have to supplement with Soybean Meal that is 38% Protein. What ration of feed to supplement should you mix????

Open Ended

You want to feeding your horses a 25 lb ration of grain and hay. You feed a 14% grain and a 9% orchard grass hay. If you want an 11% protein diet how many lbs of grain and how many lbs of hay will you feed each day?