Civil War Study Guide

Civil War Study Guide

The North

The North believed in:

freedom for slaves

strong central government

favored taxes

industrialization (most lived in cities and worked in factories)

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT true about the North?

• The North believed in higher taxes.

• The North believed in slavery.

• The North believed in a strong, central government.

The South

The South believed in:

farming life (producing cotton and tobacco)

keeping slaves and the institution of slavery

strong state government (secession)

plantations and farms

opposed taxes

Multiple Select

Select the facts that are TRUE about the South.

• The South believed in slavery.

• The South had farms and plantations.

• The South wanted a strong central government.

Sectionalism

• Life in the North was very different than life in the South.

• The North's economy was based on the manufacturing industry.

• The South's economy was based on agriculture using slaves for labor.

Sectionalism Continued

• The South wanted lower taxes to make goods more affordable. (remember-they did not make things, so they had to buy everything!)

• The North wanted higher taxes to make foreign goods more expensive to force the South to buy from the North.

Sectionalism

Sectionalism is the particularly destructive and unfortunate problem where people become loyal to, and supportive of, a particular section of the country rather than the country as a whole.

Open Ended

Why is sectionalism bad? Think about parts of the country not getting along. Why is that a bad thing?

I think it is sectionalism is bad because __________.

States' Rights

Remember the Nullification Crisis?

South Carolina threatened to leave the United States because they believed the tariff was unconstitutional.

Tariff-tax on foreign goods/imported goods

Multiple Choice

States' Rights divided the country because the North and South could not agree on many things.

• true

• false

Multiple Select

Select the main issues of States' Rights.

• The issue of slavery

• Control of the Mississippi River

• Tariffs on foreign goods.

• States can decide if a law is unconstitutional.

The Northern States

The North-Geography

• four distinct seasons

• rocky, thin soil in the New England area

• fertile, rich soil from Pennsylvania to Iowa

• fast moving rivers

• forests

Multiple Choice

The geography of the North included

• forests.

• plantations.

• one season.

The North-Economy

• based on manufacturing and farming

• large cities

• steam-powered machines

• free labor

• unskilled laborers worked in factories

• farmers grew surplus food crops to sell

Multiple Choice

The economy of the North was mainly based on manufacturing using unskilled labor.

• true

• false

The North-Transportation

• Roads

• Steamboats

• Canals

• 20,000 miles of railroads

Multiple Choice

In the North, railroads, roads, and canals were all parts of transportation.

• true

• false

The North-Society

• Lots of immigrants

• Free blacks

• Cities/urban centers

• fast paced lifestyle

Multiple Choice

In the North, society was made of immigrants and free _____ living in cities and urban centers.

• children

• cows

• blacks

The South: Geography

• Mild winters and hot, humid summers

• Coastal plains, swampy land

• Tidewater

• Rolling hills, mountain hollows

Multiple Choice

The South has very cold winters with a lot of snow.

• true

• false

The South: Economy

• Based on agriculture

• cash crops (tobacco, indigo, non-food crops)

• COTTON

• plantation system used slave labor

The South: Transportation

• steam-powered riverboats

• navigable rivers (Mississippi River important!)

• 10,000 miles of railroads

Multiple Select

Transportation in the south included: (check all that apply)

• steamboats

• railroads

• airplanes

• cars

The South: Society

• rich planters lived on plantations (lots of power) 

• farmers owned few to no slaves

• slaves

• few free blacks (craftspeople)

  
  

  
  

Multiple Choice

The people in the South with the least (smallest amount) of power were the

• plantation owners.

• free blacks.

• farmers.

• slaves.

Multiple Select

Select the items that are a characteristic of the North. (more than one!)

• four distinct seasons

• slavery

• manufacturing

• 20,000 miles of railroads

Multiple Select

Select the items that are a characteristic of the South. (more than one!)

• mild winters; hot summers

• slavery

• plantations

• canals

Multiple Choice

The North relied on ________ and the South relied on ________.

• manufacturing, manufacturing

• slavery, slavery

• manufacturing, slavery

• slavery, manufacturing

Tariffs

extra money that has to be paid for things coming into or leaving a country

Tariffs: The South

• Farmers in the South grew cotton. They did not make things.

• They had to buy most things from other countries.

• They did not want to pay more money to buy those things.

Tariffs: The North

• The North manufactured (or made) things.

• The North wanted the South to buy things from them, but the South mainly bought things from other countries, like England.

• Tariffs on items from other countries made products from the North less expensive.

Tariffs: The Problem

• The tariffs made buying from the North less expensive.

• The South believed these tariffs were unconstitutional because the law benefited the North.

• This lead to the state of South Carolina threatening to secede (or leave) the United States.

Slavery

Many Africans were captured and brought to the United States where they were forced to work for free.

Slavery

• The economy of the South depended on slaves.

• A slave could produce income that was double the cost of owning a slave.

• The North did not believe one person should own another person.

Slavery continued

• African Americans did not have the same rights, even the free blacks of the North.

• The South justified slavery by saying the workers in the North often worked in dangerous situations.

Multiple Select

Check all of the TRUE statements.

• The economy of the South depended on slavery.

• Slaves were captured from South America.

• The North believed that slavery was ok.

• The South believed slavery was equal to the dangerous working conditions in the North's factories.

Emancipation Proclamation

• Declaration by Abraham Lincoln-who believed slavery was immoral (wrong)

• Declared slaves in the Confederate states (the South) free as of January 1, 1863

• The border states (states that did not join the South) could still have slaves.

Multiple Choice

Why did Lincoln write the Emancipation Proclamation?

• To start the Civil War

• To end the Civil War

• Free slaves in the South

• Free ALL slaves in the United States

Gettysburg Address

• One of the most famous speeches in US history

• Lincoln gave the speech at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg.

• They made the battlefield a cemetary.

Gettysburg Address Main Points

• Country founded on idea that all men were created equal.

• Lincoln declared that the ground had been blessed by those that died there.

• The war needed to end to save the United States.

Multiple Choice

The Gettysburg Address stated not everyone was created equal.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Abraham Lincoln gave a speech at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg.

• true

• false

Abraham Lincoln

• Great Orator (good at giving speeches)

• Speeches had themes of liberty, equality, union and government

Open Ended

What do these words mean: liberty, equality, union, and government

Type your answer in the space below.

Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad was a highly secretive system to help slaves escape from the South to the North. The most famous "conductor" (person who lead the slaves) was Harriet Tubman. She had been a slave herself.

The Civil War ends!

Robert E. Lee, the leader of the Southern army, surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse. Ulysses S. Grant accepted his surrender.

Multiple Choice

Ulysses S. Grant was the leader of the Union army.

• true

• false

Lincoln's Assassination

President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated (shot) by John Wilkes Booth. Booth was a Confederate sympathizer (he sided with the south.) This was FIVE days after Lee had surrendered, ending the war.

Open Ended

Why do you think John Wilkes Booth would kill Abraham Lincoln? (Remember, he believed the South was in the right during the Civil War.)

I think Booth would kill Lincoln because...

Important People

• Dred Scott

• John Quincy Adams

• Abraham Lincoln

• Jefferson Davis

• Ulysses S. Grant

• Robert E. Lee

• Harriet Tubman

Dred Scott

• Was a slave

• Owner had taken him to a free state

• In the case, Dred Scott v. Sandford, he sued for his freedom.

• The Supreme Court decided that because slaves were not citizens, they had no rights to sue in court.

• Eventually was freed

Multiple Choice

Dred Scott was a ______ who sued for his freedom.

• free black

• captain

• slave

John Quincy Adams

• His work lead to the abolitionist movement.

• United States v. The Amistad-court case

• The Amistad was a ship containing kidnapped slaves.

• The slaves revolted, killed some crew members, and demanded to be returned.

• They were charged with crimes. John Q. Adams defended them in court.

Abraham Lincoln

• 6th president

• Believed slavery was wrong

• Gifted speech writer

• Wanted to keep the United States together

Multiple Choice

One of Lincoln's most famous speeches was called ________.

• The Fredericksburg Address.

• The Gettysburg Address.

• The Washington Address.

Jefferson Davis

• President of the Confederacy

• His inaugural speech he said that if the Union did not allow the South to continue as it was (having slavery) they would go to war

• Started the Civil War by attacking Fort Sumter.

Ulysses S. Grant

• Leader of the Northern Army (Union Army)

• The attack on Fort Sumter (Confederate attack) inspired him to rejoin the military.

• After Lee surrendered, Grant allowed Lee's men to keep their horses and return to their homes, taking none of them as prisoners of war.

Robert E. Lee

• leader of the Confederate Army

• was aggressive in his battle strategies

• was not a secessionist (did not want the US to divide)

• owned slaves

Multiple Choice

Robert E. Lee was the leader of what army?

• the Union

• the North

• the Confederacy

Harriet Tubman

• former slave

• "Conductor" for the Underground Railroad (she directed people to freedom)

• personally led at least 70 enslaved people to freedom

Open Ended

Harriet Tubman was a "conductor" for the Underground Railroad. What "conductor" mean in this sentence?

Conductor means _____.

Fort Sumter

• First battle of Civil War

• Soldiers from the North were in Ft. Sumter, which was in South Carolina

• When South Carolina seceded from the Union, the Confederacy hoped the Union soldiers would leave Ft. Sumter.

• They did not. This was the start of the war.

Battle of Antietam

• Fought near Sharpsburg, Maryland

• First battle where the Confederacy was on the offensive, rather than defensive

• Confederacy retreated, so the Union considered this a victory.

• This lead to Lincoln making the Emancipation Proclamation.

Battle of Gettysburg

• Battle near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

• Major turning point in the war; the Union won

• One of the deadliest battles of the war: 23,049 for the Union and  Confederate casualties were 28,063

• Lincoln gave his famous speech, The Gettysburg Address, when dedicating the cemetery here.

Battle of Vicksburg

• took place in Vicksburg, Mississippi

• Major victory for the Union

• Vicksburg is on the Mississippi River; Union victory meant the Union could cut off supplies to states west of the Mississippi River, including Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas