LEAP REVIEW #1

LEAP REVIEW #1

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Multiple Choice

Determine the net force occurring on the box. What is the magnitude and direction?

(Hint: Going in the same direction=add the forces together; going in opposite directions=subtract the forces).

• net zero

• 22 N to the north

• 10 N to the west

• 6 N to the north

Multiple Choice

In which of the following examples are the forces acting on the object unbalanced?

• chair cover

• a football player throwing a football through the air

• a ball sitting still on the ground

• a door shut

Multiple Choice

The diagrams below show smooth blocks of wood being pushed across the same surface. The mass of the block and the amount of force applied are labeled in each diagram. In which diagram would the block of wood have the greatest acceleration?

Multiple Choice

A scientist measures the speed of a falling object off of the Eiffel Tower. Which of these best explains what the scientist observed.

• A falling object falls at a rate of 9.8m/s until it strikes the ground.

• A falling object decelerates at a rate of 9.8m/s, per second

• A falling object accelerates at a rate of 9.8 m/s, per second.

• A falling object falls twice as fast at each one-second interval

Multiple Select

Resource availability affects populations of organisms in an ecosystem. Other factors such as predators, disease, and weather can also cause changes to populations as well. Evaluate the graph showing the population of moose over time. Infer possible explanations for changes in the population? Choose ALL that apply.

• The moose had abundant food and limited predators in 1970.

• The carrying capacity of the moose population is around 600.

• The carrying capacity of the moose population is around 800.

• There was most likely an increase in predators from 1990 - 2000.

• In 1990, some sort of catastrophic event caused the death of more than half the moose.

Multiple Choice

All living things within an ecosystem are interdependent. A change in the size of one population affects all other organisms within the ecosystem. One well known predator/prey relationship is between ladybugs (predator) and aphids (prey). What happens to the population of ladybugs if there is an decrease in aphids?

• The ladybug population will decrease.

• The ladybug population will increase.

• The ladybug population will remain the same.

Multiple Choice

Abiotic factors are one of the many components of an ecosystem. Abiotic factors include rocks, water, and sunlight. One way that an ecosystem differs from its abiotic factors is that

• abiotic factors are non-living, and an ecosystem is living.

• abiotic factors are living, and an ecosystem is non-living.

• abiotic factors are non-living, and an ecosystem is composed of both living and non-living components.

• abiotic factors may be living or non-living, and only living abiotic factors are part of an ecosystem.

Multiple Choice

The food web below shows some of the organisms that live in an ecosystem. If heavy rains caused an increase in the number of grasses in the ecosystem, this could lead to what?

• a decrease in the fox, owl, and bird populations

• a increase in the deer, grasshopper, and mouse populations

• a decrease in the chipmunk and tree populations

• an increase in the amount of sunlight that reached the other organisms

Multiple Choice

Which choice correctly shows the gases that enter and exit plants during photosynthesis?

• Enter: Oxygen

  Exit: Carbon dioxide

• Enter: Water vapor

  Exit: Glucose

• Enter: Carbon dioxide

  Exit: Oxygen

• Enter: Light

  Exit: Water vapor

Multiple Choice

What three things are needed for a plant to do photosynthesis?

• Glucose, Oxygen, Sunlight

• Carbon Dioxide-CO₂, Oxygen, Sunlight

• Carbon Dioxide-CO₂, Water, Sunlight

• Oxygen, Water, Sunlight

Multiple Choice

There is no sound in space because sound must travel through a medium and space is a vacuum.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

If the amplitude of a wave increases, then the energy and volume increases.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

If the frequency of a wave increases, then the energy of the wave increases and the pitch is higher.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which statement is correct?

• Potential energy is greatest at W and X, and kinetic energy is greatest at Y and Z.

• Potential energy is greatest at Y and Z, and kinetic energy is greatest at W and X .

• Potential energy is greatest at W and Y, and kinetic energy is greatest at X and Z.

• Potential energy is greatest at X and Z, and kinetic energy is greatest at W and Y .

Multiple Choice

Oxygen, carbon dioxide (waste), water and food molecules all must pass through the cell membrane.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

An organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures. (bacteria) (Hint: "Pro"="No nucleus")

• prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

Multiple Choice

An organism that has a nucleus and some other cell structures. (plant and animal cells) ("Eu" = "Do have")

• prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

Multiple Select

Which organelles are in plant cells but not animal cells? (Select 2)

• nucleus

• mitochondria

• cell wall

• chloroplast

Multiple Choice

Select which option that correctly identifies the pictured organelles.

• A-mitochondria, B-chloroplast, C-nucleolus inside a Nucleus, D-golgi body, E-cell membrane

• A-mitochondria, B-chloroplast, C-nucleolus inside a Nucleus, D-cell membrane, E-golgi body

• A-chloroplast, B-mitochondria, C-nucleolus inside a Nucleus, D-golgi body, E-cell membrane

Multiple Choice

What organelle produces energy for the cell (power plant)?

• mitochondria

• chloroplast

• ribosome

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

What organelle contains chlorophyll and is used during photosynthesis to produce glucose for the plant?

• mitochondria

• chloroplast

• ribosome

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

What organelle is the control center of the cell and contains DNA?

• mitochondria

• chloroplast

• ribosome

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

What organelle produces protein for the cell?

• mitochondria

• chloroplast

• ribosome

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

What do all of the pictured objects have in common?

• Examples of reflection

• Examples of refraction

• Examples of transmission

• Examples of diffraction

Multiple Choice

What is the light doing in the interrogation room that allows Mr. Bean to see himself?

• The light from the light source is reflected off the own-way mirror to Mr. Bean's eyes.

• The light from the light source is reflected off the back wall to the own-way mirror, and then to Mr. Bean's eye

• The light from the light source reflects off Mr. Bean to the the own-way mirror, and then reflects off the OWM to Mr. Bean's eyes.

Multiple Choice

What is the light doing in the detectives' room that allows the detective to see Mr. Bean?

• The light from Room A is transmitted into Room B.

• The light reflected off Mr. Bean is transmitted through the one-way mirror into Room B, and into the detective's eyes.

• The light from Room A is transmitted into Room B, and into the detective's eyes.

Multiple Choice

Where would a neap tide occur?

• A and C

• B and D

• A and B

• C and D

Multiple Choice

Where would a spring tide occur?

• A and C

• B and D

• A and B

• C and D

Multiple Choice

Why are the high tides higher and the low tides lower during a spring tide?

• The combined gravitational forces of the Moon and Sun are pulling on the waters

• The gravitational force of the Moon is pulling on the waters

• The gravitational force of the Sun is pulling on the waters

• The gravitational forces of the Sun and the Moon are working against each other

Multiple Choice

Why are the high tides lower and the low tides higher during a neap tide?

• The combined gravitational forces of the Moon and Sun are pulling on the waters

• The gravitational force of the Moon is pulling on the waters

• The gravitational force of the Sun is pulling on the waters

• The gravitational forces of the Sun and the Moon are working against each other

Multiple Choice

Select the answer that lists the phases of the moon in the correct order.

• new moon, waning crescent, last quarter, waning gibbous, full moon, waxing gibbous, first quarter, waxing crescent

• new moon, waxing crescent, last quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, first quarter, waning crescent

• new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent

Multiple Choice

If you were in space above the north pole looking down on the Moon, then what would you notice about the Moon?

• the Moon is only half lit at a full moon position

• the Moon is always half lit and half dark

• the Moon is only half dark at a new moon position

• the Moon is only half light and half dark in a quarter moon position

Multiple Choice

If the Moon is always half lit by the Sun, then why do we only see the Moon in phases?

• We see the Moon in phases because the clouds in the atmosphere block the Moon.

• We see the Moon in phases based on the Earth's position in orbit around the Sun.

• We see the Moon in phases based on the Moon's position in orbit around the Earth in relationship to the Sun.

• We see the Moon in phases because Earth's shadow blocks the Moon.

Multiple Choice

Identify the eclipse, lunar phase, and tide pictured in the Sun-Moon-Earth diagram.

• lunar eclipse, spring tide, full moon

• solar eclipse, spring tide, new moon

• lunar eclipse, neap tide, full moon

• solar eclipse, neap tide, new moon

Multiple Choice

Identify the different eclipses in order as pictured left to right.

• total solar eclipse, total lunar eclipse, partial lunar eclipse, partial solar eclipse

• total solar eclipse, lunar eclipse, total lunar eclipse, partial solar eclipse

• total solar eclipse, partial lunar eclipse, lunar eclipse, penumbral solar eclipse

Multiple Select

Our universe is full of movement controlled by gravity. All planets in our solar system are held in orbit by the Sun's strong gravitational pull. Many phenomena involving Earth is caused by its relationships with the Sun and Moon. Think about the connections and movement patterns of the Sun, Earth, and the Moon.

Which statements are true about the phenomena that occurs between the Sun, Earth, and moon? Select 4.

• The position of the moon in relation to the Earth and Sun at a given point determines its phase.

• A lunar eclipse occurs when a full moon passes directly behind Earth and is covered in Earth's shadow.

• On Earth, one day is the time it takes Earth to orbit the Sun one time.

• The time it takes Earth to revolve once around the Sun is a year.

• A solar eclipse occurs when the moon, aligned with the Earth's orbit, passes between the Earth and Sun.

Multiple Choice

Why do we have seasons? Its all about the 23.5 degree tilt of the Earth and its orbit around the Sun. Use the diagram to label the four seasons on Earth in the Northern Hemisphere. Notice the direction of the arrows.

• 1-Fall, 2-Summer, 3-Spring, 4-Winter

• 1-Spring, 2-Summer, 3-Fall, 4-Winter

• 1-Spring, 2-Winter, 3-Fall, 4-Summer

• 1-Fall, 2-Winter, 3-Spring 4-Summer

Multiple Choice

According to the Big Bang Theory, the solar system appeared to have formed from a disk of dust and gas drawn together by what force?

• magnetism

• gravity

• momentum

• electrical magnetism

Multiple Choice

The Law of Reflection states the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. According to that law, which ray would be the reflected ray?

• Ray A

• Ray B

• Ray C

• Ray D

Multiple Choice

Select the chemical formula for this model.

• CaI₄

• ClI₅

• CI

• CI₄

Multiple Choice

The health, management and conservation of biodiversity, is a challenge facing ecosystems worldwide. The major factors that affect the health and function of the Great Barrier Reef are climate change and pollution. Which question investigates the effects of a biotic factor on the reef ecosystem? (Hint: Biotic = living)

• How do calcium levels affect the habitat of stony corals?

• How do nitrogen levels affect the amount of algae in the reef?

• How does the number of predators affect the lion fish population?

• How does water temperature affect the reproduction rate of coral?

Multiple Choice

A man sitting in his truck increased the volume of the music from his stereo, but the windows of his truck and the building facing him did not shake until he turned up the bass. Choose the best answer that explains why this happened.

• The energy of sound waves increases as the volume is increased, so the windows shook.

• Louder and lower pitched sound waves cause more energy and pressure, so the windows shook.

• The sound waves from the truck traveled through the ground and shook the windows.

• Independent or Manipulated Variable - The one thing you CHANGE in the investigation to test your hypothesis.

• Rule of 1 - In a fair experiment, you can only test one thing at a time or the results would not mean anything.

• Dependent or Responding Variable - What responds to the thing you changed; it is what you measure during the experiment

• Controlled Variable or Constants - everything that stays the same in the experiment (i.e., same plant, same stopwatch)

• Control Group - the group not tested with the independent variable

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VARIABLES

Multiple Select

Samantha wanted to figure out what type of liquid worked best for growing beans. She watered one with coca-cola, one with lemonade, and one with just water. After one week, she measured how high they had grown. Correctly identify all the variables in this experiment. (choose 3)

• Independent variable is the types of liquid.

• Independent variable is the height of the plant.

• Dependent variable is the types of liquid.

• Dependent variable is the height of the plant.

• Type of plant is a controlled variable/constant.

Organisms in an ecosystem have different relationships.

SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS

Multiple Choice

In Africa, as the crocodile lies with its mouth open, the plover, or crocodile bird, flies into its mouth and feeds on bits of meat stuck in the crocodile’s teeth. The crocodile does not harm the plover. The plover gets a meal and the crocodile gets his teeth cleaned. What conclusions might be drawn regarding the dynamics of this relationship?

• It is a mutualistic relationship because both animals benefit; neither animal is harmed.

• It is a symbiotic relationship because the plover benefits from the meat in the crocodile's teeth..

• The crocodile is a predator. The plover is a parasite. There are two relationships illustrated by this dynamic.

• It is an example of commensalism because the plover benefits from the relationship while the crocodile is neither helped or harmed.

Multiple Choice

Samantha wanted to figure out what type of liquid worked best for growing beans. She watered one with coca-cola, one with lemonade, and one with just water. After one week, she measured how high they had grown. What is the control group?

• Plant watered with coca-cola

• Plant watered with lemonade

• Plant watered with water

• There is no control group in this experiment.

Multiple Choice

When two bar magnets are brought near each other, a magnetic force occurs as the magnets attract or repel each other. Where on a bar magnet is the magnetic force the strongest?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

Four friends made an electromagnet by coiling wire around a nail and connecting it to a battery. They disagreed on how to make it stronger. Choose the friend who you think has the correct answer.

• Diego: I think increasing the number of coils is the way to make it stronger.

• Cary: I think adding another battery is the way to make it stronger.

• Anh: I think increasing the number of coils and adding another battery are both ways to make it stronger.

• Signe: I think neither of those ways will make it stronger. We need to try something else.

Multiple Select

Why did the iron filings arrange themselves in this manner. Select all that apply.

• A magnetic field was created when the electricity was sent to the electromagnet.

• The iron filings stuck to the electromagnet because the magnetic force was the strongest closest to the electromagnet.

• The iron filings are suspended in air because the magnetic force is not strong enough to pull them to the electromagnet.

• The iron filings are in a pile because they are outside the magnetic field.

Multiple Choice

Because of inertia, what would happen to a crash dummy that is sitting in a car traveling at 45 mph without a seatbelt and the car hits the wall?

• The crash dummy would travel forward at 45mh.

• The crash dummy would travel backwards at 45mh.

• The crash dummy would not move.