Final Review Bacteria and Viruses

Final Review Bacteria and Viruses

Characteristics of Living Things

• Able to reproduce

• Uses nutrients and energy

• Grows and develops

• Responds to the environment

• Contains DNA

Virus

• non-living particles that cause disease

• Contains DNA or RNA

• Requires a host cell to reproduce

Life cycle of a virus

• Lytic Cycle: active cycle; virus infects cell, reproduces, and cell dies releasing the new viruses

• Lysogenic cycle: dormant cycle; virus infects cell and fuses DNA with cell DNA and cell reproduces with viral DNA until activated

Multiple Choice

What process is this?

• phagocytosis

• lytic cycle

• lysogenic cycle

• formation of antibodies

Multiple Choice

One important way to control the spread of viruses in through

• the use of vaccines

• drinking a lot of tea

• the use of other types of bacteria

• the use of antibiotics

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true about viruses?

• Viruses can eat and metabolize food.

• Viruses can reproduce only using a host cell.

• Viruses can reproduce on their own at any time.

• Viruses contain DNA, so they are alive.

Bacteria/Prokaryotes

• Do not contain a nucleus

• Most common and widespread organism on Earth

• 3 shapes: spiral, rod, sphere

Bacteria

• They reproduce through binary fission: asexual reproduction

• Antibiotics: kill bacteria cells

• Not all bacteria are bad! Some help other organisms digest food.

Multiple Choice

Bacteria come in which of the following shapes?

• rod, cone, spiral

• rod, sphere, spiral

• rod, sphere, cone

• sphere, cone, spiral

Multiple Choice

Which BEST compares bacteria and viruses?

• bacteria are smaller than viruses

• bacteria cause disease, but viruses do not

• bacteria are living organisms, but viruses are not

• bacteria have genetic material, but viruses do not

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a risk of overusing antibiotics to treat infections?

• Bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.

• Antibiotics increase the rate of infection.

• Antibiotics cause other diseases to develop.

• Antibiotics only work once.

Multiple Choice

A bacterium reproduces asexually by dividing to form two new bacterial cells. What is the name of the process by which bacteria reproduce?

• meiosis

• mitosis

• budding

• binary fission