Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn là các mệnh đề quan hệ không có đại từ quan hệ, ngoài ra cũng cần biến đổi động từ. 

Ví dụ

The girl who sits over there is my girlfriend. = The girl sitting over there is my girlfriend.

Cô gái đang ngồi đằng kia là bạn gái của tôi. 

The flowers which have been watered by me seem fresher. = The flowers watered by me seem fresher. 

Những bông hoa mà được tớ tưới nước trông có vẻ tươi hơn. 

Các cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng Anh

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng V-ing

Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng chủ động,

=> bỏ đại từ quan hệ, bỏ V to be (nếu có), và chuyển động từ thành V-ing. 

VD: The man who teaches Math is Mr. John.

= The man teaching Math is Mr. John.  

Người đàn ông mà dạy toán là ông John đó. 

Multiple Choice

The girl who is wearing glasses is my cousin.

• The girl wearing glasses is my cousin.

• the girl to wear glasses is my cousin

• the girl which wore glasses is my cousin

• the girl which is wearing glasses is my cousin

Multiple Choice

My friends who are studying in Italy will be at the party.

• My friends who studying in Italy will be at the party.

• My friends studying in Italy will be at the party.

• My studying in Italy friends will be at the party.

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng V-ed

Trong trường hợp động từ của mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động (chủ ngữ/tân ngữ bị thực hiện hành động nào),

=> lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ, lược bỏ V to be và giữ nguyên động từ chính dạng Phân từ II (PII) 

VD

The woman who was interviewed last week got the job. = The woman interviewed last week got the job.

Người phụ nữ mà được phỏng vấn tuần trước đã được nhận. 

Hermes will burn all the clothes that weren’t bought. = Hermes will burn all the clothes not bought.

Hermes sẽ đốt tất cả quần áo không được mua.

Multiple Choice

The cake that was selected came from an Italian bakery.

• The that selected cake came from an Italian bakery.

• The cake was selected came from an Italian bakery.

• The cake selected came from an Italian bakery.

Multiple Choice

The bicycle which was featured was made by Bianchi.

• The featured bicycle was made by Bianchi.

• The was featured bicycle made by Bianchi.

• The made Bianchi bicycle was featured.

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng To + Verb

Trong câu chứa mệnh đề quan hệ, khi đứng trước danh từ được bổ nghĩa có những từ chỉ số thứ tự (the first, the second,…) hoặc so sánh nhất, hoặc các từ như: the only, the last,…

=> bỏ đại từ quan hệ, chuyển động từ thành dạng to V. 

VD

She is the last person who left home. = She is the last person to leave home.

Cô ấy là người cuối cùng rời khỏi nhà.

You are the first person who love me.= You are the first person to love me. 

Cậu là người đầu tiên yêu tôi. 

Multiple Choice

He was the last man who left the room

• He was the last man leaving the room.

• He was the last man to leave the room.

• He was the last man left the room

Multiple Choice

I had some exercises that I need to do.

• I had some exercises doing

• I had some exercises that needs to be done.

• I had some exercises to do.

Khi động từ chính trong câu là have, hoặc câu bắt đầu bằng there…, here…. ta cũng dùng mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn với to V. 

VD

We have many games that we can play.= We have many games to play.

Chúng ta có rất nhiều trò chơi để chơi. 

There are two cakes which are made today.= There are two cakes to be made today. 

Có hai chiếc bánh được làm vào ngày hôm nay.

Here is my phone number which you can call.= Here is my phone number for you to call. 

Đây là số của tôi để bạn gọi nè.

Multiple Choice

Here is the form that you must fill in.

• Here is the form for you to fill in.

• Here is the form you can fill in.

• Here is the form that you filled in.

Multiple Choice

I have so many cards that Linda can take to send to her friends.

• I have so many cards Linda can send to her friends.

• I have so many cards for Linda to take to send to her friends.

• I have so many cards to take for Linda send to her friends.

Review

Multiple Choice

Our solar system is in a galaxy__ the Milky Way.

• calling

• called

• which is calling

• which called

Multiple Choice

Our solar system is in a Engineers at Red Motors have just created the corporation's first car ___ by solar energy.

• power

• powering

• powered

• powerful

Multiple Choice

Our solar system is in a Engineers at Red Motors have just created the corporation's first car ___ by solar energy.

• to leave

• to be leaving

• leaving

• leaves

Multiple Choice

The boy ……..the piano is Ben.

• who playing

• played

• is playing

• playing

Multiple Choice

The ideas ………………. in that book are interesting.

• presented

• presenting

• which presented

• are presented

Multiple Choice

The people ………for the bus in the rain are getting wet.

• waited

• waiting

• who waiting

• are waiting

Multiple Choice

I come from a city …….. in the southern part of the country.

• located

• locating

• locates

• which located