Segregation & Discrimination Notes

Segregation & Discrimination Notes

by Hannah Hunt

Poll

If everyone has the same object is it fair to keep people separate based on a single characteristic?

• yes

• no

​Legal Discrimination

• ​After Reconstruction, many African Americans wanted to use their new political & social rights

  • ​many were met with hostile & violent opposition from some whites

    • ​African Americans voted & occasionally held office in the south

  • ​by the 20th century, Southern states adopted a board system of legal racial discrimination

    • ​These states wanted to destroy African American political power

Multiple Choice

the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

• Racism
• Discrimination
• Prejudice 
• Ku Klux Klan

​Voting Restrictions

• ​Southern states imposed new voting restrictions & denied legal equality to African Americans

  • ​some states limited the vote to people who could read & administrators would give literacy test

    • ​Blacks were given more difficult questions or tests in foreign languages

  • ​Southern states imposed poll taxes to keep the poor from voting

    • ​to protect any poor, uneducated whites, states created a grandfather clause

​Poll Tax: an annual tax that formerly had to be paid in some other states by anyone wishing to vote

​Grandfather Clause: a provision that exempts certain people from a law on the basis of previously existing circumstances

Multiple Choice

After the 15th Amendment was passed giving freed slaves the right to vote, some states used certain laws to try to prevent them from voting. These were called "Jim Crow" laws. One was a __________ (which is money a voter must pay to be able to vote)

• crime tax

• slave tax

• poll tax

​Jim Crow Laws

• ​In the 1870s & 1880s, the Supreme Court failed to overturn the poll tax or grandfather clause

  • ​at the same time African Americans were losing voting rights states passed segregation laws

    • ​these laws kept white & black Americans in public & private facilities

    • ​These laws became known as Jim Crow Laws

​Segregation: the separation of people on the basis of race

​Jim Crow Laws: laws enacted by Southern states & local governments to separate white & black in public & private facilities

Multiple Choice

Segregation laws .......

• made sure children went to school.

• kept black people and white people separate.

• made sure all people could vote.

• kept people from driving too fast.

Multiple Choice

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites; named after a black character in minstrel shows, passed to discriminate against African Americans by forcing them into separate public accommodations. Replaced Black Codes.

• Jim Crow Laws

• Black Codes

• Ku Klux Klan

• civil rights

​Plessy v. Ferguson

• ​A legal case reached the Supreme Court that tested the constitutionality of segregation

  • ​in 1896, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public place was legal as long as there were equal accommodations

    • ​the Plessy v. Ferguson set the separate by equal precedent

​Plessy v. Ferguson: an 1896 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that separation of the Race in public accommodations was legal

Multiple Choice

Supreme Court case in 1896 that upheld Jim Crow segregation by approving "separate but equal" public facilities for African Americans. Made segregation legal in the United States.

• Plessy v. Ferguson

• Brown vs. Board of Education

• Dred Scott vs. Sandford

• Miranda v. Arizona

​Turn-of-the-Century Race Relations

• ​African American faced formal discrimination, informal rules & customs, called racial etiquette, that regulated relations between whites & blacks

  • these customs belittled & humiliated African Americans

    • The customs enforced their second class citizen

• ​Booker t. Washington earned support of both white and black Americans

  • ​Washington wanted people to work together to improve social & Economic issues

    • ​Some people thought that racial equality should be the most important task

Multiple Choice

Prominent Black American, born into slavery, who believed equality could be achieved through vocational education; accepted social segregation while secretly working against discriminatory laws. Created Tuskegee Institute

• Ida B. Wells-Barnett

• Booker T. Washington

• W.E.B. DuBois

• Frederick Douglass

​Violence

• ​African Americans that didn't follow racial etiquette were subjected to severe punishment

  • ​Blacks who were accused of breaking the etiquette could be lynched

    • ​between 1882 & 1892, more than 1,400 men & women were shot, hung or burned without trial in the South

Multiple Choice

The illegal killing of people by gangs of violent vigilantes; occurred in all parts of the country and sometimes against accused white people, but mostly targeted African Americans in the South; meant to intimidate African Americans from asserting themselves in any way, including politically; were often conducted publicly and with the cooperation of law enforcement.

• civil rights

• Jim Crow Laws

• lynching

• Black Codes

​Discrimination in the West

• ​The western frontier was full of different immigrants

  • ​Asians went to the Pacific coast while Mexican/ African Americans inhabited the southwest

    • ​Racial Tensions were still strong in these regions

• ​In the late 1880s, the railroad hired a large amount of Mexican workers

  • ​the workers were used to the dry, hot climate when constructing the railroad

    • ​These people also worked for very little pay and very harsh working conditions

​Debt Peonage: a system in which workers are bound in servitude until their debt is paid.

Multiple Choice

This is a system of  involuntary labor.  After slavery was abolished, Mexicans and African Americans living in the West and Southwest were often force into this system.

• log rolling
• debt peonage
• slavery
• detention