H446.1.1.2.types of processor

H446.1.1.2.types of processor

by Mr. Shingari

​PLC-Sequence,Selection and iteration

Multiple Choice

Which of the following programming concepts results in decisions needing to be taken?

• Creating objects from classes
• Declaring variables and constants
• Calling procedures and functions
• Selection and iteration

Multiple Choice

What do we mean when we talk about decision points in a program?

• Any point in a program when a user is asked for input
• Any point in a program when it outputs data
• Any point in a program when processing and calculations are performed
• Any point where the program can take an optional route based on a condition

Multiple Choice

A program asks the user their age. If the user is 18 or over it outputs 'adult', otherwise it outputs, 'child'. Which condition should be used to achieve this?

• IF age > 18 THEN
• IF age <= 18 THEN
• IF age < 18 THEN
• IF age >= 18 THEN

Multiple Choice

In this line of code, identify a variable: score = score + int(input('Enter your score: '))

• score
• Enter your score
• +
• int

Multiple Choice

What is a variable?

• A character that represents an action
• A value stored in memory that can change whilst the program is running
• A value that does not change whilst the program is running and is assigned when the program is designed
• Converting from one data type to another

Multiple Choice

What is a function?

• A small piece of code that may take parameters and does not return a value
• A small piece of code that may take parameters and returns a value
• A mathematical operator processed by the ALU
• A Boolean operator

Multiple Choice

What is the key difference between a procedure and a function?

• A function is supported by all languages, procedures are not
• A procedure returns a value, a function does not
• A procedures is supported by all languages, functions are not
• A function returns a value, a procedure does not

Multiple Choice

Why would a programmer add indentation to their code?

• To indicate which code is within a procedure, function, condition or iteration
• To explain the purpose of sections of code
• To colour code the keywords to check they are correct for the language used
• To stop the code at a certain point to assist in debugging

Multiple Choice

What is meant by the programming construct, 'iteration'?

• Instructions execute one after another in order
• A section of a program that performs a specific task
• A program branch depending on a condition
• Repeating sections of code

Multiple Choice

What is meant by the programming construct, 'selection'?

• A section of a program that performs a specific task
• Repeating sections of code
• Instructions execute one after another in order
• A program branch depending on a condition

Multiple Choice

What is meant by the programming construct, 'sequence'?

• A section of a program that performs a specific task
• Instructions execute one after another in order
• Repeating sections of code
• A program branch depending on a condition

Multiple Choice

What is a constant?

• A character that represents an action
• A value that cannot change whilst the program is running and is assigned when the program is designed
• A value stored in memory that can change whilst the program is running
• Converting from one data type to another

Multiple Choice

What is an assignment?

• Converting from one data type to another
• A character that represents an action
• Giving a variable or constant a value
• A value that does not change whilst the program is running and is assigned when the program is designed

Multiple Choice

In this line of code, identify an operator: score = score + int(input('Enter your score: '))

• Enter your score
• +
• int
• '

​Walt

​Describe von Neumann, Harvard and contemporary processor architecture

​Wilf

You understand the concept of stored program.

Fill in the Blanks

Stored program concept: A program must be loaded into ---- memory to be executed by the processor

Fill in the Blanks

Stored program concept: The ------------ are fetched one at a time, decoded and executed sequentially by the processor

Fill in the Blanks

Stored program concept: The sequence of instructions can only be changed by a conditional or unconditional ---- instruction

​Walt

​

Open Ended

What compromises would there be with a shared bus?

​Wilf

​You understand the von Neumann and harward architectures

​You can explain the differences between these two architectures.

Multiple Choice

Used in PCs, laptops, servers and high performance computers

• Von Neuman architecture

• Harward architecture

Multiple Choice

Used in digital signal processing, microcontrollers and in embedded systems such as microwave ovens and watches

• Von Neuman architecture

• Harward architecture

Multiple Choice

Data and instructions share the same memory. Both use the same word length

• Von Neuman architecture

• Harward architecture

Multiple Choice

Instructions and data are held in separate memories which may have different word lengths. Free data memory can’t be used for instructions, and vice versa

• Von Neuman architecture

• Harward architecture

Multiple Choice

Separate buses allow parallel access to data and instructions

• Von Neuman architecture

• Harward architecture

Multiple Choice

One bus is simpler for control unit design

• Von Neuman architecture

• Harward architecture

Multiple Choice

Control unit for two buses is more complicated and expensive

• Von Neuman architecture

• Harward architecture

Multiple Choice

Which of these describes a classic von Neumann architecture?

• The processor only requires one cycle to complete an instruction
• Data transfers and instruction fetches from RAM cannot be performed at the same time
• Uses separate memory address space for instructions and data
• Data transfers and instruction fetches can be performed at the same time

Multiple Choice

Which of these describes a classic von Neumann architecture?

• Data transfers and instruction fetches between memory can be done at the same time
• Uses a separate memory address for instructions and data
• Processor needs one cycle to complete an instruction
• Uses the same physical memory address for instructions and data

Open Ended

How would the multiplication operation be carried out with the following operations?

CISC instruction MULT A, B

LDA (LOAD) STO (STORE) MULT (MULTIPLY)

​Wilf

​You can list advantages of both of these architectures.

​You can list disadvantages of both of these architectures.

Multiple Choice

Quicker to code programs

• CISC

• RISC

Multiple Choice

The compiler has very little work to do to translate a high-level language statement into machine code

• CISC

• RISC

Multiple Choice

The hardware is simpler to build with fewer circuits needed for carrying out complex instructions

• CISC

• RISC

Multiple Choice

Because each instruction takes the same amount of time, i.e. one clock cycle, pipelining is possible

• CISC

• RISC

Multiple Choice

Because the code is relatively short, very little RAM is required to store the instructions

• CISC

• RISC

Open Ended

(a) Name another architecture that resolves this issue. How does it differ from von Neumann architecture?

Multiple Select

(a) Name another architecture that resolves this issue. How does it differ from von Neumann architecture?

• Harvard architecture

• this has separate memories for instructions and data.

• Separate data buses transfer instructions and data to and from memory

Multiple Choice

Avoids data erroneously overwriting programming instructions in the same address location;

• Von Neuma Architecture

• Harvard Architectur

Multiple Choice

you can use free memory for data/instructions

• Von Neuma Architecture

• Harvard Architectur

Multiple Choice

Data cannot be executed as code;

• Von Neuma Architecture

• Harvard Architectur

Multiple Choice

Data and instructions can have different word lengths;

• Von Neuma Architecture

• Harvard Architectur

Fill in the Blanks

CISC stands for

Multiple Choice

In this technology, the instruction set consists of a large number of instructions, each designed to execute a series of sub-tasks that make up a single instruction.

• RISC

• CISC

Multiple Choice

Very little RAM is needed to store the instructions

• RISC

• CISC

Multiple Choice

uses a small instruction set, and each instruction can be performed in one clock cycle.

• RISC

• CISC

Multiple Choice

pipelining is possible

• RISC

• CISC

​Wilf

​You can list advantages of both of these architectures.

​You can list disadvantages of both of these architectures.

Open Ended

Compare co-processor and parallel processor systems. (Note that “compare” means describe similarities and differences.)

Multiple Choice

More than one processor working together to perform a single job

• co-processor

• Parallel processor

• both

Multiple Choice

processors can use any processor for a task

• co-processor

• Parallel processor

• both

Multiple Choice

Job is split into tasks / in a multicore system, different processors may work on different tasks

• co-processor

• Parallel processor

• both

Multiple Choice

Processors are controlled by a single operating system

• co-processor

• Parallel processor

• both

Multiple Choice

These processors need a more complex operating system / harder to program

• co-processor

• Parallel processor

• both

Multiple Choice

These processors are synchronised

• co-processor

• Parallel processor

• both