Joints, Injuries and Disorders 4.4-4.5

Joints, Injuries and Disorders 4.4-4.5

by Stacy King

​Joints

• ​Hold Bones

• ​Allow Mobility

​

​Classification

• ​Structure

• Function​

​Functional Classification

• Synarthroses

  • ​immovable

• ​Amphiarthroses

  • ​Slightly moveable

• ​Diarthroses

  • ​Freely moveable

Multiple Choice

Joints between skull bones

• diarthrotic/synovial
• fibrous/suture
• amphiarthrotic/epiphyseal disk

​Fibrous Joints

• ​Bones united by fibrous tissue

  • ​synarthrosis

Multiple Choice

Gomphoses is an example of a _____ joint

• fibrous

• cartilaginous

• synovial

• hinge

• saddle

Cartilaginous Joints

• ​Bones connected by cartilage

Multiple Choice

The Slightly immovable joint found between vertebrae that absorb force due movement, reducing the impact

• cartilaginous

• fiberous

• hinge

• saddle

• synovial

​Synovial Joints

• Articulating joints

  • ​Joint cavity

    • ​synovial fluid

Features of Synovial Joints​- Diarthrosis

• ​Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones

  Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule

  Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid

  Ligaments reinforce the joint

​Structures of Synovial Joints

• ​Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs

  • Lined with synovial membranes

  • Filled with synovial fluid

  • Not actually part of the joint

• Tendon sheath

  • Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

​Synovial Joint Shapes

Multiple Choice

Joints that attach the long bones to the short bones

• Condyloid

• Saddle

• hinge

• ball and socket

• swivel

Multiple Choice

What joint is displayed in picture

• Hinge Joint

• Saddle joint

• Ball and socket joint

• condyloid

• Pivot

4.5 ​Injuries and Disorders

​Breaks

• ​Closed (simple) fracture

  • ​does not break through the skin

• ​Open (compound) fracture

  • ​bone breaks through the surface of the skin

• ​treatment

  • ​immobilization

  • ​realignment

  • ​reduction

​Types of Fractures

Greenstick

• Common in children due to more flexibility in bone tissue

• ​Stress

  • ​repetitive force

• ​Comminuted

  • ​high impact

• ​Spiral

  • ​torsion

Multiple Choice

A fracture that splinters the bone but does not completely transverse the bone

• spiral

• compound

• greenstick

• comminuted

• transverse

Multiple Choice

A fracture caused due to a twisting force applied to the bone as shown

• spiral

• compound

• greenstick

• comminuted

• transverse

Reduction​

• ​Closed

  • ​without surgery

  • ​casting

• ​Open

  • ​requires surgery

    • ​open and reset bones

​External and Internal Fixation

• ​External

  • ​external fixation

  • ​frame fixation

• ​Internal

  • ​rods

  • ​screws

  • ​plates

  • ​wires

  • ​nails

Joint Injuries

• Bursitis

  • inflamed bursa

• ​Sprains

  • ​torn ligament/tendon

• ​Dislocations

  • ​bone displaced from so