13.1-13.2

13.1-13.2

by Nikki Chenevert

​Chapter 13: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

 

Outline:

Life’s Operating Instructions

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, DNA, the genetic material/substance of inheritance of all living organisms

DNA Replication

13.1 DNA is the genetic material

1. The Search for the Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry

   1. Genes or proteins, which is the genetic material?

   2. Evidence that DNA Can Transform Bacteria

   3. Griffith’s Transformation (Figure 13.3)

                                         i.    R strain pneumonia is harmless, Mice + R = healthy

                                        ii.    S strain pneumonia is pathogenic (disease causing), Mice + S = death

                                      iii.    Mice + live R + heat killed S = death

                                       iv.    Transformation of R strain to S strain,  the genetic material from S strain was inherited by descendants

                                        v.    Explanation: S strain had been killed, but its genetic information (the component that made it lethal) was still intact.

Multiple Choice

Who gets credit (wins the Nobel Prize) for elucidating the structure of DNA?

• Griffith

• Gregor Mendel

• Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

• Franklin and Wilkins

• Watson and Crick

Multiple Choice

Hershey and Chase used radioactive labels for the DNA (P) and proteins (S) of bacteriophage viruses. Their experiment shows that ________ carries the genetic material of bacteriophage viruses, because the radioactive _____ was found inside of infected bacteria.

• DNA; radioactive phosphorus

• Proteins; radioactive sulfur

• Proteins and DNA; both phosphorus and sulfur

• RNA; Neither phosphorous nor sulfur

Multiple Choice

Which scientist(s) work indicated that DNA has a helical shape?

Select one:

• Chargaff

• Hershey and Chase

• Franklin and Wilkins

• Watson and Crick

Multiple Choice

Rosalind Franklin used which technique to determine many of the physical characteristics of DNA?

• Density-gradient centrifugation

• Transmission electron microscopy

• Transformation

• X-ray diffraction

• Phage experiments

Multiple Choice

_______ seals the nicks in the DNA backbone left by synthesis of Okazaki fragments.

• DNA polymerase II

• Single strand binding (ssb) proteins

• Ligase

• DNA polymerase I

Multiple Choice

Which of the following enzymes unwinds the DNA double helix for replication?

• RNA polymerase

• DNA polymerase

• DNA Helicase

• Topoisomerase

Multiple Choice

The enzyme _______ prevents supercoiling of DNA by relieving torque.

• DNA polymerase II

• Single strand binding (ssb) proteins

• Ligase

• Helicase

• Topoisomerase (Gynase)

Multiple Choice

______ replaces the RNA primer and fills the gaps with DNA.

• DNA polymerase II

• Single strand binding (ssb) proteins

• Ligase

• DNA polymerase I

Multiple Choice

New nucleotides are added in a complementary fashion by_________

• DNA polymerase II

• Helicase

• DNA polymerase I

• Topoisomerase (Gynase)

Multiple Choice

The enzyme ______ opens the DNA double helix using ATP.

• Ligase

• Helicase

• DNA polymerase I

• Topoisomerase (Gynase)

• DNA polymerase II

Multiple Choice

 Transcription produces a _________ molecule from a ___________ template.

• Polypeptide; RNA

• DNA; DNA

• RNA, DNA

• DNA; RNA

Multiple Choice

Translation produces a ______ molecule from a ______ template.  

• RNA; DNA

• DNA; RNA

• Polypeptide; RNA

• DNA; DNA