Ions and Isotopes

Ions and Isotopes

Ms. Taylor

An atom is a neutral particle.

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Atoms have the equal number of positive proton to negative electrons.​

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Atoms are​ identified based on the number of protons they contain.

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Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons

Atoms

Multiple Choice

Two atoms of different elements will definitely have different numbers_____

• Nuclei
• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons

Multiple Choice

What is the mass number of this Neon atom?

• 10

• 11

• 21

• 20

Multiple Choice

The atomic number is equal to _.

• the number of protons

• the number of neutrons only

• the total number of protons and neutrons

• the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

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​They therefore have the same atomic number but different mass number.

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Most elements exist as isotopes.​ Usually written as symbol-mass # Ex. C-12

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Look for similar proton number to identfy isotopes

ISOTOPES

All have atomic number of 1.

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Each have a different mass number

Hydrogen Isotopes

All have atomic number of 3.

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Each have a different mass number

Lithium Isotopes

The Isotopes are determined by the number of Neutrons they contain.

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One of the isotopes will be more common than the others.

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The atomic masses in the Periodic table is an average mass based on the Percent of each in nature.

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Ex. H-1 is the most common​. The mass of H is periodic table is closer to 1.

With isotopes:

Multiple Choice

If X is the symbol for an element, which of the following two symbols represent    isotopes of the same element?     I. ⁷⁷₃₅X  II. ⁷⁷₃₃X  III. ⁸¹₃₇X  IV. ⁸¹₃₅ X

• I and II
• III and IV
• I and IV
• I and III

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of isotope?

• atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons.
• materials break down over time at a very consistent rate

Multiple Choice

Which atom has  4 neutrons?

• Li-6
• Li-7
• Li-8
• they have the same # of neutrons

Multiple Choice

Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12. Which elements are considered isotopes of carbon?

• Carbon-12
• Carbon-13
• Carbon-14
• Both Carbon-13 and Carbon-14

All atoms want to have a 'full' valence (outer) shell to be stable.

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To get this, they either lose or gain electrons and so are no longer neutral. They are charged.

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An ion is a charged atom that has an unequal number of protons and electrons.​

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The charge depends on if they gained or lost electrons

IONS

When atoms lose electrons they now have more positively charged Protons in their nucleus than negatively charged electrons.

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They therefore have excess positive charge and so become positive. Charge based on how many more protons than electrons they have.

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Cations are positively charged ions.​

Cations

When atoms gain electrons they now have more than negatively charged electrons than positively charged Protons in their nucleus .

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They therefore have excess negative charge and so become negative. Charge based on how many more electrons than protons they have.

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Anions are negatively charged ions.​

Anions

Examples:

Fluorine (F) has 7 valence electrons. It gains 1 electron to be form F^- ion.

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​Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electons and so gains 2 electrons to form O^2- ion.

​ANION

Sodium (Na) has 1 valence electron. It loses 1 electron and so forms ion Na⁺

Calcium (Ca) has 2 valence elctrons. It loses 2 electrons t form ion Ca²⁺​

CATION

Multiple Choice

What is the charge on a lithium atom that looses 1 electron?

• +1
• 0
• -1
• -2

Multiple Choice

Is the element shown in this image an ion, isotope or normal atom?

• atom
• isotope
• cation (+ ion)
• anion (- ion)

Multiple Choice

An atom that has gained or lost electrons in an attempt to become stable/bond with another atom.

• Normal/Neutral Atom

• Ion

• Isotope

Multiple Choice

If an atom has 9 protons and 10 electrons it has a charge of ____.

• 0

• -1

• +1

• -2

Multiple Choice

If an atom has 4 protons and 2 electrons it has a charge of ____.

• 0

• -2

• +2

• +1

Multiple Choice

What is a representation of an ion?

• Li

• Na-22

• O^-2

Multiple Choice

What type of atom is this?

• Neutral atom

• Cation

• Anion

• Isotope

Multiple Choice

How many electrons does this magnesium ion have?

• 24

• 12

• 10

• 14

Multiple Choice

Which particle changes in an ion?

• The number of electrons

• The number of protons

• The number of neutrons

Multiple Choice

What does it happen to this atom?

• It LOSES electrons

• It GAINS electrons

• It GAINS protons

• It LOSES protons

Multiple Choice

What type of atom is element C?

• Normal atom

• Ion

• Isotope