Topic 4 Review-Solid, Liquid, Gas

Topic 4 Review-Solid, Liquid, Gas

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Properties of Solids

• Are either crystalline or amorphous

  • Crystalline-melt at certain temperature

  • Amorphous-get softer, then melt

• All have melting Points-depend on substance

• Vibrating particles are fixed together-NEVER STOP MOVING, NO MATTER HOW COLD!​

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Crystalline vs. Amorphous

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• Particles are randomly arranged

• Will get softer when heat is added (can become flexible when heated)

• More of it will take longer & more heat to melt (1 stick of butter vs. 1/2 stick of butter)​

• Examples: butter, plastic, glass, charcoal

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​Amorphous

• Fixed particles in a pattern

• Melt immediately at melting point

• Doesn't matter how much

  • 5 g or 10 g-will melt at specific melting point

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Examples: Ice, ​salt, sugar, quartz

​Crystalline

​Solid Phase Changes

Need an INCREASE in thermal energy

Particles move faster & spread apart

Solid to a liquid=melting

• Ice to water, butter, metal​

Solid to a gas=sublimation (skips liquid phase)​

• Dry ice to gas, putting wet laundry on line on freezing cold day (freezes then dries)​

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Subject | Subject

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Multiple Choice

Particles in a solid are _______ and _______.

• flowing, vibrating

• fixed, vibrating

• fast moving, vibrating

• scattered, fixed

Multiple Choice

Butter softens when set out at room temperature and will melt when heated in the microwave. Butter is a(n) ___________ solid.

• crystalline

• amorphous

Multiple Choice

One ice cube melts at 32*F/0*C. At what temperature will 2 ice cubes melt?

• 32*F/0*C

• 64*F/2*C

Multiple Choice

To change from a solid to a liquid

• freezing

• vaporization

• sublimation

• melting

Multiple Choice

To change from a solid to a gas

• melting

• vaporization

• sublimation

• melting

Properties of Liquids

• Viscosity-how thick/thin it is to affect flowing speed

• Surface tension​-liquid particles on the surface pull together

• Have boiling points​ (turn to gas)

• Have freezing points (turn to solid)

  • Same temperature as melting points (0*C for ice to melt/water to freeze)​​

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Flows/pours slowly

Thick/sticky

Hard to stir

Examples: Honey, syrup, soap​, oil

HIGH

Flows/pours fast

Thin/runny

Easy to stir

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Examples: Water, ​soda, juice

LOW

Viscosity-Measure of resistance to flowing

Temperature can affect viscosity

Hot-flows faster (low viscosity)

Cold-flows slower (high viscosity)​

BOILING LIQUIDS

• Water will boil at 100*C/212*F and will STAY liquid at 100*C/212*F until ALL water is turned to gas (water vapor).

• Liquid water cannot be heated to higher than 100*C/212*F-it will turn to gas. At 101/213=GAS​

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The lower the atmospheric pressure, the lower the boiling point will be.

• high on a mountain=water can boil at lower temperatures, ex: 90*C​

• Mars has a thinner atmosphere/lower pressure than Earth, lower boiling point​

LOW PRESSURE

The higher the atmospheric pressure, the higher the boiling point will be.

• deep underground in a cave=water will need to be hotter than 100*C to boil​

• Venus​ has thicker/higher pressure than Earth, higher boiling point

​HIGH PRESSURE

BOILING POINTS & PRESSURE

Multiple Choice

What property of liquid allowed a paperclip to float, even though a paper clip is more dense than water?

• density

• viscosity

• surface tension

• mass

Multiple Choice

If you camp on Mount Everest (an area high above sea level with a thin atmosphere/LOW PRESSURE), at what point would you expect water to boil?

• at 100*C/212*F

• greater than 100*C/212*F

• lower than 100*C/212*F

Multiple Choice

What happens to the particles in a liquid as they begin to boil?

• they slow down and come closer together

• they slow down and spread apart

• they speed up and come closer together

• they speed up and spread apart

Multiple Choice

What happens to the particles in a liquid as they begin to freeze?

• they slow down and come closer together

• they speed up and come closer together

• they slow down and move farther apart

• they speed up and move farther apart

Gas Properties

• ​Particles are flowing FAST and expanding in every direction

• Can be COMPRESSED (squeezed into smaller tanks/spaces

• Have condensing points​-turning to liquid (same as boiling)

• Condensation-gas into a liquid

• Deposition-gas to a solid (skips liquid state)​

  • Both require thermal energy to decrease/get colder​

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Volume & Pressure are inversely related/INVERSE PROPORTION

• Decrease volume (squeeze/force particles closer), increases pressure

• Increase volume (give gas particles more room), decreases pressure

• graph is curved down​

​Boyle's

Temperature & Volume are directly related/DIRECT PROPORTION

• hot temps make gas expand (volume increases)

  colder temps make gas contract (volume decreases)​

• graph is straight line up​

​Charles'

Gas Laws

Multiple Choice

When gases get cooled and turn into a liquid

• melting

• freezing

• deposition

• condensation

Multiple Choice

When gas turns directly into a solid

• melting

• freezing

• sublimation

• deposition

Multiple Choice

The Patriots were accused of deflating footballs during a cold game. They defended themselves using Charles' law by saying that when the balls were taken outside ___________.

• the temperature decreased so the pressure of the balls increased

• the temperature increased so the volume of the balls decreased

• the temperature decreased so the volume of the balls decreased

• the temperature increased so the volume of the balls increased

Multiple Choice

For how long did it take the water to turn ALL THE WAY INTO GAS?

• 100 seconds

• 550 seconds

• 650 seconds

Multiple Choice

What process is happening at the step that says "ice + water"?

• freezing

• condensation

• vaporization

• melting