U4 Refresh: Hierarchy of Organisms (Cells)

U4 Refresh: Hierarchy of Organisms (Cells)

By MKMS Science

An organism is any living thing. The hierarchy (levels of organization) of organisms is organism-organ systems-organs-tissue-cell. Cells have organelles, or "little organs", that have specialized functions that keep the cell alive. Organelles are made of molecules, which are atoms bonded together.

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Hierarchy of Organisms

Multiple Choice

An organism made up of only one cell is

• Prokaryote

• Eukaryote

• Multicellular

• Unicellular

Multiple Choice

An organism made up of two or more cells is

• Prokaryote

• Eukaryote

• Multicellular

• Unicellular

Multiple Choice

A group of cells that come together to perform a specific function is a

• cell

• tissue

• organism

• organ

Multiple Choice

A group of tissues that come together to perform a specific function are a/an

• cell

• tissue

• organ system

• organ

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from MOST complex to LEAST complex?

• cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

• cell, organism, organ system, organ, tissue

• organ system, organism, organ, tissue, cell

• organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell

A scientific theory explains why somethings occurs in nature. Theories have a lot of evidence to support them. They are NOT hypotheses (which have not been tested). In science, a theory is not a law and will never become a law because laws describe what is happening in nature, not why something happens.

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Cell Theory states:

1. All living things are made of one or more cells. (Unicellular = one cell; Multicellular = more than one cell)

2. The cell is the most basic unit of life.

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.​

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Cell theory has changed over time as improving technology (like microscopes) has allowed us to collect new evidence.

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​The Cell Theory

Multiple Choice

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things?

• atom

• cell

• bacteria

• animalcules

Multiple Choice

Which statement was NOT included in cell theory?

• All living things are composed of cells.

• Living cells come only from other living cells.

• Each cell contains a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.

• Cells are the smallest structure of living things that can perform the functions necessary for life.

Multiple Choice

Who discovered and named cells while looking at cork?

• Captain Hook

• Robert Hooke

• Matthais Schleiden

• Rudolf Virchow

Multiple Choice

Which instrument is credited for helping scientists develop cell theory?

Multiple Choice

Which of these explain how a natural phenomenon works or happens?

• theory

• law

Multiple Choice

Scientists create both scientific theories and scientific laws as they make observations and conduct experiments about the natural world. Which of the following statements most accurately compares the difference between scientific theories and scientific laws

• science laws are based on evidence while science theories are not

• science theories involve only biology, while laws involve all types of science

• science theories involve mathematical equations, while science laws are based on observations

• science theories are ideas that explain natural events, while science laws predict what will happen in a natural event.

• ​Cell Membrane: Found in plant and animal cells. In plants found just behind the cell wall. Protects from outside world. Like a window screen​!

• Cytoplasm: clear gel like fluid. Holds organelles in place. Located inside the cell membrane and all around the nucleus​

• Nucleolus: found inside nucleus; makes ribosomes

• Nucleus: contains DNA; Think of it as the cell's "brain"!

  Ribosome: Produces proteins. Located on the outside of the E.R. Small black dots. Think of a fast food place at a highway exit!

• ​Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Maze of passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another. Think of a highway system!

• Smooth E.R. : Maze of passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another. Think of a highway system!

Major Organelles

• Golgi Bodies: Receives proteins and packages and distributes to other parts of the cell. Looks like a stack of pancakes. Think of Federal Express or UPS​​!

• Mitochondrion: Powerhouse of the cell. Muscle has the most mitochondria. Think of a power plant or battery!

• Vacuole: Water filled sac. Storage area of cell. Very large in plant cells. Think of a water tower!

• Lysosome​: Break down old cell parts and food. Think of a clean up crew or Lysol brand cleaner!

• ​Chloroplast: Captures energy from sunlight. Gives plants a green color. Think of a solar panel!

• Cell Wall: ​Supports and protects the plant cell. Made of cellulose. Like the Great Wall of China.

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Major Organelles

Multiple Choice

My job is to produce energy for the cell. I can turn food into energy, using oxygen. People never really give me my props. They will if they ever get super tired and need some energy. Animal and Plant cells require energy!

• Mitochondria

• Vacuole

• Lysosomes

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

I store things for the cell. I am like your everyday storage facility. I can store enzymes water, nutrients and even wastes. When you have skills like mine you can be found in many places like plants, animals, even fungi.

• Cytoplasm

• Chloroplast

• Vacuole

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

I’m big and I am okay with that. I prefer to be called large. I store water for the cell, well, plant cells only to be exact. I am a part of an exclusive team.

• Cytoplasm

• Mitochondria

• Cell Wall

• Large Central Vacuole

Multiple Choice

Some people call me the boss and that’s probably because of my job. I control the cell and all cell activities. I even hold the DNA. I am the center of attention. I am in both plant and animal cells. Just watch me work.

• Vacuole

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

The powerhouse of the cell is the...

• Mitochondrion
• Golgi body
• Nucleus
• Ribosomes

Multiple Choice

I give shape to plant cells and I am an extra support for them. I can protect the delicate plants. I take my job seriously.

• Cell Wall

• Cell Membrane

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

Yum!!! Oh, my bad! I was just cooking up some delicious food. I use the sunlight to make tasty sugars for a plant cell. I produce food and it’s hmm hmm good!

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Cytoplasm

• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

Beyonce wasn’t ready for this jelly either. I hold the organelles and give them room to move around. I am found inside all cells.

• Nucleus

• Vacuole

• Cell Membrane

• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

I am found on the outside of an animal cell and just behind the cell wall of a plant cell. But I have big job. You can call me Mr. GATE!!! I control what enters and exits the cell.

• Cell Wall

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Produces the energy needed for the cell

• Vacuole

• Nucleus

• Endoplasmic Retriculum

• Mitochondria

Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic, each having one or more nuclei. They both also have endoplasmic reticulums, ribosomes, Golgi Bodies, mitochondria, cell membranes, vacuoles, and cytoplasm. Only plant cells have also have a cell wall (because plants don't have skeletons), chloroplasts (because plants can make their own food from sunlight), and a specialized large central vacuole (for extra storage since plants cannot "walk"). It is important to remember that there are many different types of cells within these two categories specialized to perform their unique functions.

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​Plant vs. Animal Cells

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?

• Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or organelles, but a eukaryotic cell does

• Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or organelles, but prokaryotes do

Multiple Choice

This cell is a ...

• Prokaryotic Cell

• Eukaryotic Cell

Multiple Choice

What 3 organelles are found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?

• Mitochondria, Cell Wall, Chloroplasts

• Cell Wall, Nucleus, Cell Membrane

• Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Chloroplasts

• Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, Large Central Vacuole

Multiple Choice

What is found in both plant and animal cells but is much larger in plant cells?

• Nucleus
• Mitochondrion
• Chloroplast
• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

Which organelle captures energy from the sunlight and uses it to produce food in plant cells?

• mitochodria

• cell membrane

• chloroplast

• centrioles

Want to know more? Check out the following videos for more in depth details...