EMS- 5.4 Gravity and the Universe

EMS- 5.4 Gravity and the Universe

By: Mrs. Bailey*

​Lesson Objective: KWBAT explain the role of gravity in the Universe.                 

KWBAT create and use a digital model of the Universe to organize the components of the Universe from smallest to largest.

​TEKs:

8.8(A)  describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, and galaxies,  and use models such as the Hertzsprung‐Russell diagram for classification​

​What You Will Learn Today:

• Each component of the universe is held together by gravity because it is an attractive force.

• The major components of the universe ordered from smallest to largest are the planets, stars, nebulae, and galaxies.

• Planets, which make up solar systems orbit stars.  Gravity keeps planets moving around the star.

• A solar system is a system in the universe that consists of a star surrounding objects, planets, that orbit the star.

• A star is a sphere of matter held together by gravity with a density and temperature great enough to cause a nuclear reaction.

• Nebula are interstellar clouds of dust and gases held together by gravity.

• A galaxy is a sprawling space system made up of billions and trillions of stars, dust, gases that are held together by gravity.

​Lesson Vocabulary:

1. Gravity: a force of attraction that holds solar systems and galaxies together

2. Planet: large object that orbit stars in a solar system

3. Solar system: a system that consists of a star surrounded by orbiting planets

4. Star: a sphere of matter with a density and temperature great enough to cause a nuclear reaction

5. Nebula: diffuse clouds of gas and dust loosely held together by gravity.  Some types of nebula make new stars, others are remnants of old stars that have exploded

6. Galaxy: a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust held together by gravitational attraction​

​

Multiple Choice

gravity is....

• a force of attraction that holds solar systems and galaxies together

• a force of attraction that moves solar systems and galaxies together

• a force of attraction that seperates solar systems and galaxies together

Multiple Choice

A planet is...

• large object that orbit stars in a solar system

• large object that orbit nebulas in a solar system

• large object that orbit galaxies in a solar system

Multiple Choice

A solar system is...

• a system that consists of a star surrounded by orbiting planets

• a system that consists of a star surrounded by orbiting nebulas

• a system that consists of a star surrounded by orbiting galaxies

Multiple Choice

A nebula is...

• diffuse clouds of gas and dust loosely held together by gravity.  Some types of nebula make new stars, others are remnants of old stars that have exploded

• diffuse clouds of gas and dust loosely held together by gravity. 

• diffuse clouds of gas and dust loosely held together by gravity.  Some types of nebula make new planets others are remnants of old stars that have exploded

Multiple Choice

A star is....

• a sphere of matter with a density and temperature great enough to cause a nuclear reaction

• a sphere of matter with a density and temperature great enough to cause a planet to explode

• a sphere of matter with a density and temperature great enough to cause a plane to form

Multiple Choice

A galaxy is....

• a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust held together by gravitational attraction

• a system of millions or billions of stars.

• held together by gravitational attraction

​Welcome back, Astronomers! Throughout this unit we’ve explored the sun, earth and moon, solar bodies much larger than us!  But what holds our solar system together,  what’s beyond our solar system?  What makes up the Universe?  These are all questions that we will answer over the next few days.

​

On the next slide we are going to use a simulation to look at the sizes of different objects​.

Title: Scale of the Universe

Questions:

1. What are some items bigger than the earth?

2. What are three things you found at the One millimeter size scale?

3. What are three things you found ​at the One micrometer size scale?

4. What are three things you found ​at the One megameter size scale?

5. ​What are three things you found at the One gigameter size scale?

​

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​Questions:

1. ​what is gravity

2. How does gravity cause the planets to move in a circle around the sun?

3. how does gravity cause the solar system to move within the galaxy?

Multiple Choice

what is gravity?

• Gravity, or gravitational force, is an attractive force between all objects that have mass

• Gravity, or gravitational force, is an attractive force between some objects that have mass

• Gravity, or gravitational force, is an attractive force between all objects that have a very high mass

Multiple Choice

How does gravity cause the planets to move in a circle around the sun?

• gravity from the sun pulls on the planets and causes them to move in a circle instead. The force of gravity from the sun can’t stop the planets’ sideways motion—it can only pull them toward the sun

• gravity from the sun pulls on the planets and causes them to move in a line . The force of gravity from the sun can’t stop the planets’ straight motion—it can only pull them toward the sun

• gravity from the sun pulls on the planets and causes them to move in a circle instead. The force of gravity from the sun can’t stop the planets’ sideways motion—it can only slow them down and pull them toward the sun

Multiple Choice

How does gravity cause the solar system to move within the galaxy?

• In fact, scientists have evidence that there is a supermassive object known as a black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy that is 4 million times more massive than the sun.

• In fact, scientists have evidence that there is a supermassive object known as a super nova star at the center of the Milky Way galaxy that is 4 million times more massive than the sun.

• In fact, scientists have evidence that there is a supermassive object known as a red giant star at the center of the Milky Way galaxy that is 4 million times more massive than the sun.

​Proper Positions Please!

Multiple Choice

A galaxy is....

• a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust held together by gravitational attraction

• a system of millions or billions of stars.

• held together by gravitational attraction

Multiple Choice

A nebula is...

• diffuse clouds of gas and dust loosely held together by gravity.  Some types of nebula make new stars, others are remnants of old stars that have exploded

• diffuse clouds of gas and dust loosely held together by gravity. 

• diffuse clouds of gas and dust loosely held together by gravity.  Some types of nebula make new planets others are remnants of old stars that have exploded

Multiple Choice

A star is....

• a sphere of matter with a density and temperature great enough to cause a nuclear reaction

• a sphere of matter with a density and temperature great enough to cause a planet to explode

• a sphere of matter with a density and temperature great enough to cause a plane to form

Multiple Choice

A planet is...

• large object that orbit stars in a solar system

• large object that orbit nebulas in a solar system

• large object that orbit galaxies in a solar system

​1. Open composition Notebook to page titled: Model of the Universe

2. You need five different colored pencils

   ​

Multiple Choice

Place in order from smallest to largest:

Nebula, planet, galaxy, universe, star

• planet, star, nebula, galaxy, universe

• planet, nebula, star, galaxy, universe

• star, planet, galaxy, nebula, universe

• universe, galaxy, nebula, star, planet

​EXIT TICKET TIME!

Multiple Choice

The universe has many different components.  Which list places four components of the universe in the most likely order from smallest to largest?

• Planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae

• Nebulae, stars, planets, galaxies

• Galaxies, stars, planets nebulae

• Planets, stars, nebulae, galaxies

Multiple Choice

The diagram below models Mercury and Venus orbiting the sun. What force causes Venus to travel along a curved path instead of moving in a straight line as indicated by the dashed line in the diagram?

• Electromagnetic attraction between the sun and Venus

• Gravitational attraction between the sun and Venus

• Electromagnetic attraction between Mercury and Venus

• Gravitational attraction between Mercury and Venus

Multiple Choice

What makes up a galaxy?

• a group of stars that together form a visible pattern

• a collection of planets orbiting a central star system

• any object that has smaller bodies caught within its gravity

• a massive collection of star systems orbiting a central point

Multiple Choice

A planet is...

• large object that orbit stars in a solar system

• large object that orbit nebulas in a solar system

• large object that orbit galaxies in a solar system

Multiple Choice

A star is....

• a sphere of matter with a density and temperature great enough to cause a nuclear reaction

• a sphere of matter with a density and temperature great enough to cause a planet to explode

• a sphere of matter with a density and temperature great enough to cause a plane to form

Multiple Choice

A nebula is...

• diffuse clouds of gas and dust loosely held together by gravity.  Some types of nebula make new stars, others are remnants of old stars that have exploded

• diffuse clouds of gas and dust loosely held together by gravity. 

• diffuse clouds of gas and dust loosely held together by gravity.  Some types of nebula make new planets others are remnants of old stars that have exploded