Biology EOC Review

Biology EOC Review

By Jon Rentz

Multiple Choice

Which process involves the copying of DNA strand to make new DNA?

• Transcription
• Translation
• Replication
• Protein Synthesis

Multiple Choice

Which process results in the production of body cells needed for repair and growth?  How many chromosomes are found in cells produced by this process?

• mitosis, 23
• mitosis, 46
• meiosis, 23
• meiosis, 46

Multiple Choice

Sex-linked traits are more common in:

• Males

• Females

• They are equally possible.

Multiple Choice

Which phase of mitosis is this?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Select

Which of the following traits are autosomal?

• Huntington's Disease

• Cystic Fibrosis

• Hemophilia

• Sickle Cell Anemia

• Eye color

Multiple Choice

Which correctly identifies the phases of mitosis?

• Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase, Metaphase
• Telophase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase
• Anaphase, Metaphase, Prophase, Telophase
• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Multiple Choice

Which sex-linked recessive trait is characterized by difficulty detecting and differentiating red and green light?

• Colorblindness

• Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

• Hemophilia

• Sickle Cell Anemia

Multiple Choice

Mutations that occur in ____ can be passed to offspring.

• gametes
• autosomes
• somatic (body) cells
• chromosomes

Multiple Choice

Which sex-linked recessive trait, known as the "bleeder's disease," affects the blood's ability to clot properly?

• Colorblindness

• Hemophilia

• Cystic Fibrosis

• Huntington's Disease

Multiple Choice

What must happen before mitosis or meiosis occurs?

• Transcription
• Translation
• Cytokinesis
• DNA Replication

Multiple Choice

Which autosomal recessive mutation results in red blood cells that are crescent-shaped?

• Hemophilia

• Cystic Fibrosis

• Sickle Cell Anemia

• Huntington's Disease

Multiple Choice

Which phase of mitosis is this?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Which autosomal dominant trait causes breakdown of nerves in the brain?

• Cystic Fibrosis

• Hemophilia

• Sickle Cell Anemia

• Huntington's Disease

Multiple Choice

The phases of the cell cycle in correct order are _______________.

• Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
• Interphase, Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Cytokinesis, Telophase
• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis, Interphase
• Prophase, Metaphase, Telophase, Anaphase, Interphase, Cytokinesis

Multiple Choice

Which autosomal recessive trait causes unusually thick mucus in the respiratory and digestive systems?

• Hemophilia

• Cystic Fibrosis

• Huntington's Disease

• Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Multiple Choice

A(n) ___ chain shows the flow of ___.  It always starts with the ____ and ends with the ____.  Examples of decomposers are _____ and fungi.

• food, energy, prey,  predator, bacteria
• food, energy, producers, decomposer, bacteria
• energy,food, prey, predator decomposers, protists
• energy, food, producers, decomposer, bacteria

Multiple Choice

Uncontrolled cell division that has genetic and environmental influences is known as ____.

• mutation
• cancer
• genetic engineering
• mitosis

Multiple Choice

Which phase of mitosis is this?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

_____ produces an mRNA copy of DNA in the ____ of a cell and is the first step in ______.

• Translation, nucleus, Transcription
• Transcription, mitochondria, Protein Synthesis
• Translation, mitochondria, Transcription
• Transcription, nucleus, Protein Synthesis

Multiple Choice

What term means a state of stability or equilibrium?

• Taxis

• Cell Transport

• Diffusion

• Homeostasis

Multiple Choice

DNA is the blueprint for creating ____.  The sequence of _____ in DNA determines which is made.

• lipids, amino acids
• proteins, amino acids
• lipids,  nucleotides
• proteins, nucleotides

Multiple Choice

This phase is when the cytoplasm fully separates, creating 2 separate cells. What is this phase?

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Cytokinesis

• Metaphase

Multiple Choice

What determines whether a gene will be turned on or off and what protein is produced?

• Transcription
• Translation
• Protein Synthesis
• Gene Regulation

Multiple Choice

Only ___ of energy is given to the next trophic level.  ___ is eliminated as waste heat.

• 10%, 90%
• 90%, 10%
• 25%, 75%
• 75%, 25%

Multiple Choice

What is a sequence of nucleotides that code for an amino acid called?

• codon
• anticodon
• nucleotide
• mRNA

Multiple Select

Why do we need cell division?

• Growth

• Repair

• Reproduction

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome; containing the anticodon?

• rRNA
• mRNA
• tRNA
• RNA

Multiple Choice

Which of these promotes more genetic diversity due to the random separation of genes on separate chromosomes during meiosis?

• Crossing Over
• DNA replication
• Independent Assortment
• Nondisjunction

Multiple Choice

____ bonds connect amino acids in the appropriate order to make proteins and occurs on the ______.

• hydrogen, nucleus
• hydrogen, ribosome
• peptide, nucleus
• peptide, ribosome

Multiple Choice

What type of reproduction is mitosis?

• Sexual reproduction

• Asexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

Autotrophs use ____ to produce _____.

• O₂, glucose
• CO₂, glucose
• O₂, deoxyribose
• CO₂, deoxyribose

Multiple Select

What type of cells are produced by mitosis?

• Body

• Sex

• Somatic

• Gametes

Multiple Choice

Who is known as the "Father of Natural Selection?"

• Gregor Mendel

• Francesco Redi

• Charles Darwin

• Louis Pasteur

• Carolus Linnaeus

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells are produced each time a cell goes through mitosis?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

________ releases CO₂ into the atmosphere.

• Photosynthesis
• Cellular Respiration
• Anaerobic Respiration
• Fermentation

Multiple Choice

In terms of chromosome number, bodily cells created through mitosis are:

• Haploid

• Diploid

Multiple Choice

________ reproduction occurs when two parents produce offspring that are genetically similar but not identical to the parents.

• Asexual
• Sexual

Multiple Choice

True or False? While mutations can occur in mitosis, these mutations are NOT passed on to offspring.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The two reactants for cellular respiration are ____ and ____ which produces ____, water, and ATP (energy).

• carbon dioxide, glucose, oxygen
• carbon dioxide, water, oxygen
• oxygen, glucose, carbon dioxide
• oxygen, water, carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

Cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes are called:

• Haploid

• Diploid

• Binary

• Gametes

Multiple Choice

How many divisions take place in meiosis?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a form of asexual reproduction?

• Mitosis

• Budding

• Binary Fission

• Meiosis

Multiple Choice

The process of breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen is called _____ respiration. this takes places in the _____ and produces more ATP than ______.

• aerobic, mitochondria, anaerobic 
• anaerobic, cytoplasm, aerobic
• aerobic, cytoplasm, anaerobic
• anaerobic, mitochnodria, aerobic

Multiple Choice

Cells who do not proceed through the cell cycle properly and divide uncontrollably are indicative of:

• Nondisjunction

• Down Syndrome

• Cancer

• Parkinson's Disease

Multiple Choice

Which occurs when chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis?

• Crossing Over
• Nondisjunction
• Independent Assortment
• Mutation

Multiple Choice

An accumulation of cancer cells creates a:

• Mutation

• Tumor

• Bruise

• Abscess

Multiple Choice

Evolution by natural selection says that change occurs in:

• individuals

• throughout an entire species

• populations

• only aquatic species

Multiple Choice

Cancer is a disease of:

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

Multiple Choice

How many phases are in meiosis? What happens before these phases?

• 4, interphase
• 4, cytokinesis
• 8, interphase
• 8, cytokinesis

Multiple Choice

What ultimately causes cancer cells to behave differently than healthy cells?

• Mutations in their DNA

• Sending improper signals to surrounding cells

• Responding improperly to chemical signals

• They fail to replicate their DNA in interphase.

Multiple Choice

Which cell structure is responsible for maintaining homeostasis by allowing materials in and out of the cell?

• Nucleus

• Ribosomes

• Cell Membrane

• Cell Wall

Multiple Select

In what ways do cancer cells behave differently than healthy cells?

• They ignore the normal checkpoints that regulate the cell's cycle.

• They divide too often, creating more cells with mutated DNA.

• They do not go through apoptosis, or cell death, when they are supposed to.

• They may not stay anchored in place and can move throughout the body.

• They engulf other cells by a process called phagocytosis.

Multiple Choice

Cells spend most of their lives in _____ which is when DNA replicates, organelles are doubled, and the cell prepares to divide.

• Interphase
• Mitosis
• Meiosis
• Cytokinesis

Multiple Choice

If a cell containing 14 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will the resulting daughter cells have?

• 7

• 14

• 28

Multiple Choice

Natural selection is the survival of:

• The largest organisms

• Organisms that are best adapted to their environment

• Organisms that outcompete others for food

• The strongest organisms

Multiple Choice

What is the symbol or abbreviation for diploid?

• 1N

• 2N

• 3N

• 4N

Multiple Choice

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo  ______ causing genetic variation (gene recombination).

• crossing over
• independent assortment
• mutations
• replication

Multiple Choice

If a sex cell contains 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in the body cells?

• 5

• 10

• 15

• 20

Multiple Choice

What pigment inside the chloroplast attracts sunlight and give plants their green color?

• Cellulose

• Cell Wall

• Chlorophyll

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

In meiosis four daughter cells are produced with ____ of the genetic material of the parent cell.  If the parent cell has 46 chromosomes the daughter cell will have ____.

• the same amount, 46
• double, 92
• half, 23

Multiple Choice

Evolution by natural selection cannot take place without the introduction of new traits through:

• Genetic Drift

• Reproductive Isolation

• Mutations

• Speciation

Multiple Choice

What is an allele?

• An alternate form of a gene.
• A mutated form of a gene.
• A gene from the mother.
• A gene from the father.

Multiple Select

What are the 2 types of cell transport?

• Active

• Passive

• Osmosis

• Diffusion

Multiple Choice

____ means that both alleles are the same whereas ____ indicates the alleles are different.

• homozygous, heterozygous
• heterozygous, homozygous
• Haploid, Diploid
• Diploid, Haploid

Multiple Select

Which of the following are the 4 points of evidence for evolution by natural selection?

• Fossil Record

• Embryology

• Anatomy

• Biochemistry

• Survival of the Fittest

Multiple Choice

Which identifies an individuals genotype? 

• Tt
• tall
• short
• type A

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Which of these represents a heterozygous genotype?

• Bb
• BB
• bb

Multiple Choice

Traits that help an organism to survive in its environment are called:

• Genes

• Mutations

• Variations

• Adaptations

Multiple Choice

Which represents a homozygous genotype?

• Ff
• ff
• FF

Multiple Choice

Passive transport moves materials along the concentration gradient from:

• High to low concentration

• Low to high concentration

Multiple Choice

An individual's ____ are the actual alleles they have and their ____ is the trait that they show.

• phenotype, genotype
• genotype, phenotype

Multiple Choice

Which of the following areas of evidence for evolution shows various physical changes in species over time?

• Fossil Record

• Embryology

• Anatomy

• Biochemistry

Multiple Choice

Chromosomes that determine if you are a male or female are called ___ chromosomes.  Females have the sex chromosomes ____ and males have ____.

• autosomes, XX, XY
• sex, XY, XX
• autosomes, XY, XX
• sex, XX, XY

Multiple Choice

Stem cells are:

• specialized cells with specific functions in the body

• cells that are undifferentiated and can differentiate into any cell type

• reproductive cells

• cells that can only do one job

Multiple Choice

Pictures of chromosomes that can show genetic disorders or gender are called _____.

• karyotypes
• pedigrees
• punnett squares
• genetic profiles

Multiple Choice

Domesticated dogs and wolves share over 99% of their DNA. This is an example of which area of evidence for evolution?

• Fossil Record

• Embryology

• Anatomy

• Biochemistry

Multiple Choice

Traits carried on the X and Y chromosomes are called _____. Examples include ______ and _____ which occur most often in males.

• sex-linked, Down Syndrome, Turner's Disease
• gender-determined traits, Down Syndrome, Turner's Disease
• sex-linked, Huntington's Disease, colorblindness
• gender-determined traits, Huntington's Disease, colorblindness

Multiple Select

What are the 2 types of passive transport?

• Osmosis

• Active Transport

• Diffusion

• Homeostasis

Multiple Choice

A ____ allele is expressed while a ____ allele is hidden in its presence.

• dominant, recessive
• recessive, dominant

Multiple Choice

Comparing the musculature of a human to a cat and a dog, we can see they all share a deltoid muscle in the same location. This supports which area of evidence for evolution?

• Fossil Record

• Embryology

• Anatomy

• Biochemistry

Multiple Choice

_____ results in blending of traits.

• Codominance
• Incomplete Dominance
• Incomplete Recessive
• Polygenic Traits

Multiple Select

The daughter cells that are produced through meiosis are:

• Body cells

• Gametes

• Sex cells

• Eggs or Sperm

Multiple Choice

_____ is the expression of two traits.

• Codominance
• Incomplete Dominance
• Incomplete Recessive
• Polygenic

Multiple Choice

Despite the differences between these various types of organisms, we can see they all look similar in their early stages. This supports which are of evidence for evolution?

• Fossil Record

• Embryology

• Anatomy

• Biochemistry

Multiple Choice

______ traits are influence by more than one gene.  Examples include skin color, hair color, eye color, height.

• Codominant
• Incomplete dominant
• Incomplete recessive
• Polygenic

Multiple Choice

Diffusion that is aided by proteins in the cell membrane is called:

• Osmosis

• Active Transport

• Diffusion

• Facilitated Diffusion

Multiple Choice

What tool is used to determine the probability of inheriting traits?

• pedigree
• punnett square
• karyotype
• DNA fingerprint

Multiple Choice

Moths and butterflies are classified as different families; however, they have similar larval stages as caterpillars. This is an example of:

• Fossil Record

• Embryology

• Anatomy

• Biochemistry

Multiple Choice

What tool is used to show patterns of inheritance in a family?

• pedigree
• punnett square
• karyotype
• DNA fingerprint

Multiple Choice

In addition to a cell membrane, plant cells also have a:

• Golgi body

• Cell wall

• Nuclear membrane

• Endoplasmic reticulum

Multiple Choice

______ is the manipulation of organisms or their parts to produce useful products.

• Genetics
• Heredity
• Biotechnology
• Recombinant Technology

Multiple Choice

Structures that structurally look the same but are used for different purposes are known as:

• Vestigial

• Analogous

• Homologous

• Fossils

Multiple Choice

____ engineers transfer genes or pieces of DNA from one organism to another.

• Biotech
• Genetic
• Chromosome
• DNA

Multiple Choice

Diffusion is the movement of:

• Water

• Gas

• Solids

• Any particles

Multiple Choice

_____ organisms have DNA from another source which is called ____ DNA.  These organisms can be used to help treat diseases.

• Transchromosomal, recombinant
• Recombinant, transchromosomal
• Transgenic, recombinant
• Recombinant, transgenic

Multiple Choice

Structures in different organisms that differ in physical appearance but are used for similar functions are called:

• Vestigial

• Analogous

• Homologous

• Fossils

Multiple Choice

A _____ is an organism with identical DNA to the original.

• transgenic
• clone
• recombinant
• plasmid

Multiple Choice

In terms of chromosome number, gametes produced through meiosis are said to be:

• Haploid

• Diploid

• Binary

• Deficient

Multiple Choice

The purpose of the _____ was to map out all of the human genes and is now used for gene ____.

• human genome project, therapy
• human chromosome map, correction
• DNA fingerprint, extraction
• gel electrophoresis, modification

Multiple Choice

Structures that perhaps had a function in the past but are no longer used are called:

• Analogous

• Vestigial

• Homologous

• Fossils

Multiple Choice

____ are used to produce ____ to help treat diabetes because they reproduce quickly due to ____ reproduction.

• Bacteria, hormones, sexual
• Fungi, insulin, sexual
• Bacteria, insulin, asexual
• Fungi, hormones, asexual

Multiple Choice

Osmosis is specifically the diffusion of:

• Water

• Gas

• Solids

• Any particles

Multiple Choice

________ separates DNA by size and produces a DNA _____. This is helpful in determining paternity and suspects in crimes.

• Polygenic separation, profile
• Gel Electrophoresis, fingerprint
• Recombinant Extraction, karyotype
• Transgenic Isolation, pedigree

Multiple Choice

The development of new species of organisms over time, due to evolution, is called:

• Geographic Isolation

• Natural Selection

• Speciation

• Common Ancenstry

Multiple Choice

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle. Does a prokaryotic cell contain a membrane-bound organelles?

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

The Asian Elephant and the African Elephant are similar organisms that likely share a:

• Habitat

• Common Ancestor

• Similar diet

• Physical structures

Multiple Choice

By what adaptive structure does a paramecium regulate its water intake?

• Cell membrane

• Ribosomes

• Nucleus

• Contractile vacuole

Multiple Select

Which of these are the 4 conditions that MUST be true for evolution by natural selection to occur?

• Overproduction & Competition

• Variation

• Adaptations

• Accumulation of Favorable Traits

• Low reproductive rates

Multiple Choice

Haploid cells contain:

• 1 set of chromosomes

• 2 sets of chromosomes

• 3 sets of chromosomes

• 4 sets of chromosomes

Multiple Choice

A species of beetles becomes separated by a large river when the area floods. What method of speciation does this exhibit?

• Reproductive Isolation

• Convergent Evolution

• Geographic Isolation

• Parapatric Speciation

Multiple Choice

Active transport requires the most direct use of:

• ATP

• Proteins

• Water

• Glucose

Multiple Select

Geographic isolation could be caused by which of the following factors:

• A river

• Mountains

• Behavioral differences

• An earthquake

• Food preferences

Multiple Choice

What complex carbohydrate can be found in a plant cell's wall?

• Chlorophyll

• Chloroplast

• Glycogen

• Cellulose

Multiple Choice

The traits observed in a population may fluctuate due to random events. This is called:

• Divergent Evolution

• Genetic Drift

• Reproductive Isolation

• Speciation

Multiple Choice

In active transport, materials are moved from:

• High to low concentration

• Low to high concentration

Multiple Choice

Genetic drift tends to have the greatest effect on which of the following populations?

• Aquatic

• Terrestrial

• Large

• Small

Multiple Choice

Like mitosis, meiosis must also:

• Replicate its DNA prior to division

• Produce identical cells

• Create body cells

• Do crossing over during metaphase

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be an adaptation for an organism living in the tundra?

• Thick fur

• Scales

• Multiple rows of teeth

• Flippers

Multiple Choice

Why is maintaining homeostasis important?

• The survival of the cell, and therefore the organism, depends on it.

• To ensure the cell can make enough energy

• To prevent nutrients from entering the cell

• The cell cannot withstand stable environments.

Multiple Select

Stem cells have 2 possible "paths" in life. What are these?

• Continually replicate themselves to make more stem cells

• Become inactive

• Engulf other stem cells

• Differentiate into a specialized cell type

Multiple Choice

What is a pH buffer?

• Substances produced by the cell that make solutions more acidic

• Substances produced by the cell that make solutions more basic

• Substances produced by the cell to resist changes in pH

• Substances produced by the cell to prevent contact with other cells.

Multiple Select

Unlike mitosis, meiosis:

• creates non-identical cells

• produces haploid cells

• goes through PMAT 2 times

• is asexual reproduction

• creates identical, diploid cells

Multiple Select

The cell membrane is comprised of what two structures?

• Phospholipids

• Starches

• Cellulose

• Proteins

Multiple Choice

Plants and other organisms that make their own food are known as:

• Heterotrophs

• Autotrophs

• Mixotrophs

• Homotrophs

Multiple Choice

Meiosis goes through PMAT 2 times. During Metaphase 1, what process occurs that results in variable daughter cells?

• Nondisjunction

• Crossing Over

• Random Assortment

• Independent Assortment

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

• Fast energy

• Long-term energy storage

• Store genetic information

• Body insulation

Multiple Choice

In males, meiosis results in:

• 1 sperm cell

• 2 sperm cells

• 3 sperm cells

• 4 sperm cells

Multiple Choice

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

• C6 H10 O6

• C4 H8 O4

• C6 H12 O12

• C6 H12 O6

Multiple Choice

What is the symbol or abbreviation for haploid?

• 1N

• 2N

• 1C

• 2C

Multiple Choice

All bodily cells have the same DNA. True or False?

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Homologous chromosomes are those that contain the same genes, but may not have the same:

• Alleles

• Proteins

• Fragments

• Size

Multiple Choice

Plants take in carbon dioxide through pores called:

• Stoma/Stomata

• Stroma

• Thylakoids

• Granum

Multiple Choice

True or False? Mutations in cells produced through meiosis will be passed on to offspring if the cell goes through fertilization.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Plant and animal cells are types of ____ cells.

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

Multiple Choice

Meiosis is a reproductive adaptation that provides the advantage of _________ throughout offspring.

• variations

• strength

• mutations

• fitness

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a reactant of photosynthesis?

• Carbon dioxide

• Oxygen

• Sunlight

• Water

Multiple Choice

If chromosomes do NOT split evenly during Metaphase 1 or Metaphase 2, the result is daughter cells with too many or too few chromosomes. What is this mutation called?

• Mutagen

• Unconformity

• Crossing over

• Nondisjunction

Multiple Choice

What makes a muscle cells different from a nerve cell?

• They have different DNA to make them those specialized cell types.

• They have different portions of activated DNA.

• They experience different environmental influences.

• They have different genes.

Multiple Choice

Nondisjunction results in:

• chromosomal disorders

• gene disorders

• both chromosomal and gene disorders

• neither chromosomal nor gene disorders

Multiple Choice

What gas is a product of photosynthesis?

• Carbon dioxide

• Ozone

• Oxygen

• Water vapor

Multiple Choice

Down Syndrome results when

• there is a sex chromosome missing

• there is an extra chromosome 21

• a portion of chromosome 5 is missing

• there is an extra sex chromosome

Multiple Choice

Simple sugars or carbohydrates are called monosaccharides, while complex carbs are known as:

• Nucleic acids

• Amino acids

• Polysaccharides

• Glucose

Multiple Choice

Down Syndrome is also called:

• Kleinfelter's Syndrome

• Turner Syndrome

• Trisomy 21

• Trisomy 18

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

• Make ATP

• Make glucose

• Make oxygen

• Make carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

Turner's Syndrome results when

• there is a sex chromosome missing

• there is an extra chromosome 21

• a portion of chromosome 5 is missing

• there is an extra sex chromosome

Multiple Choice

Where are adult stem cells primarily found?

• Blood

• Bone Marrow

• Brain

• Spleen

Multiple Choice

Kleinfelter's Syndrome results when

• there is a sex chromosome missing

• there is an extra chromosome 21

• a portion of chromosome 5 is missing

• there is an extra sex chromosome

Multiple Choice

_____________ is a high-energy carbohydrate that is digested during cell respiration to produce ATP.

• Insulin

• Cellulose

• Glucose

• Glycogen

Multiple Choice

When the nucleus of a sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of an egg cell, this is called:

• Asexual reproduction

• Fission

• Fertilization

• Nondisjunction

Multiple Choice

Bacteria are:

• Unicellular eukaryotes

• Multicellular eukaryotes

• Unicellular prokaryotes

• Multicellular prokaryotes

Multiple Choice

A fertilized egg is called a(n):

• Zygote

• Embryo

• Fetus

• Gamete

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would NOT affect the rate of photosynthesis?

• Temperature

• Amount of water

• Amount of sunlight

• Amount of carbon dioxide

• Amount of glucose

Multiple Choice

If the sperm cell of a fruit fly has 4 chromosomes, what is the diploid number?

• 2

• 4

• 6

• 8

Multiple Choice

Why is stem cell research important to society?

• Cloning

• Gene therapy to cure and treat diseases

• Expansion of knowledge

• Gene doping and genetic engineering

Multiple Choice

If the leaf cells of a plant have 12 chromosomes, what is the diploid number?

• 4

• 6

• 12

• 24

Multiple Choice

What types of organisms perform cellular respiration to make ATP?

• Only plants

• Only animals

• Only animals and fungi

• All living things

Multiple Choice

If the leaf cells of a plant have 12 chromosomes, what is the haploid number?

• 4

• 6

• 12

• 24

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a complex carbohydrate?

• Glucose

• Cellulose

• Starch

• Glycogen

Multiple Choice

If the sperm cell of a fruit fly has 4 chromosomes, what is the haploid number?

• 2

• 4

• 6

• 8

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

• Make glucose

• Make oxygen

• Make carbon dioxide

• Make ATP

Multiple Choice

If a gamete has 7 chromosomes, what is the diploid number?

• 3.5

• 7

• 14

• 28

Multiple Choice

How do cells communicate with each other?

• Chemical signals

• Electrical impulses

• Physical contact with one another

• Forming temporary links to transfer information

Multiple Choice

What cell structure is responsible for cell respiration?

• Ribosomes

• Nucleus

• Chloroplast

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Which cell type was the first to evolve?

• Prokaryote

• Eukaryote

• Animal

• Plant

Multiple Choice

Mitochondria contain a folded inner membrane that increases surface area for greater ATP production. What are these folds called?

• Stomata

• Cristae

• Thylakoids

• Granum

Multiple Select

How do cells receive chemical signals from other cells or the environment?

• Electrical impulses

• Some molecules are able to cross the cell membrane.

• Interacting with receptor proteins on the cell's membrane.

• Moving towards the other cell

Multiple Select

What are the 2 types of cellular respiration?

• Photosynthesis

• Aerobic respiration

• Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Anaerobic Fermentation

• Osmosis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following foods is NOT an example of a carbohydrate?

• Bread

• Pasta

• Steak

• Candy

• Soda

Multiple Choice

The following equation represents which process?

• Aerobic Respiration

• Anaerobic Respiration

• Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Alcoholic Fermentation

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

What is the function of red blood cells?

• Immunity

• Carry oxygen

• Reproduction

• Movement

Multiple Choice

The following equation represents which process?

• Aerobic Respiration

• Anaerobic Respiration

• Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Alcoholic Fermentation

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Which cell structure is responsible for maintaining homeostasis by allowing materials in and out of the cell?

• Mitochondria

• Plasma membrane

• Ribosomes

• Lysosomes

• Golgi apparatus

Multiple Select

The following equation represents which processes?

• Aerobic Respiration

• Anaerobic Respiration

• Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Alcoholic Fermentation

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

What is the function of muscle cells?

• Immunity

• Carry oxygen

• Reproduction

• Movement

Multiple Select

The following equation represents which processes?

• Aerobic Respiration

• Anaerobic Respiration

• Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Alcoholic Fermentation

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following complex carbohydrates is a primary component of a plant's cell wall?

• Cellulose

• Glycogen

• Glucose

• Lipids

Multiple Choice

Why is aerobic respiration more efficient than anaerobic respiration?

• It takes place faster.

• It produces 36 ATP instead of only 2.

• It uses less oxygen.

• It produces more carbon dioxide.

Multiple Choice

What structure, found in both animal and plant cells, is responsible for storage of water, food, and waste?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Nucleus

• Vacuole

• Golgi apparatus

Multiple Choice

When muscle cells are fatigued and not receiving enough oxygen to sustain their demand, they begin functioning under what type of anaerobic respiration?

• Aerobic respiration

• Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Alcoholic Fermentation

• Anaerobic Respiration

Multiple Choice

Sugars, the building block of carbs, tend to end with the suffix:

• -ase

• -ice

• -tion

• -ose

Multiple Choice

What does ATP stand for?

• Adenosine diphosphate

• Adenosine monophosphate

• Adenosine triphosphate

• Adenosine triphosphite

Multiple Choice

Which cell structure is responsible for producing ATP energy?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Nucleus

• Golgi apparatus

• Cell membrane

Multiple Choice

What are the building blocks or monomers of lipids?

• Glucose

• Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acid Chains

• Amino Acids

• Nucleotides

Multiple Choice

In which cell structure would you find DNA?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Cell membrane

• Golgi apparatus

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?

• Long-term energy storage

• Bodily insulation and protection

• Components of the cell's plasma membrane

• Quick energy

Multiple Choice

Which cell structure is responsible for directing protein synthesis?

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Plasma membrane

• Lysosomes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an example of a lipid?

• Butter

• Olive oil

• Candle wax

• Soda

• Phospholipids

Multiple Choice

Which cell structure is responsible for protein synthesis?

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Plasma membrane

• Endoplasmic reticulum

Multiple Choice

The cell membrane may also be called a ___________ bilayer.

• Phospholipid

• Phosphorous

• Amino acid

• Disaccharide

Multiple Choice

Shown in purple, what is this cell structure?

• Mitochondria

• Cell membrane

• Ribosomes

• Nucleus

• Golgi apparatus

Multiple Choice

What is the building block or monomer of proteins?

• Glucose

• Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acid Chains

• Amino Acids

• Nucleotides

Multiple Choice

What is this cell structure?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosome

• Chloroplast

• Nucleus

• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an example of a protein?

• Steak

• Enzymes, hormones, and insulin

• Muscle

• Hair, skin, nails

• None; ALL of these are proteins.

Multiple Choice

What are the folds in this cell structure called?

• Granum

• Pores

• Cristae

• Thylakoids

Multiple Choice

What type of bonds hold the amino acids of a protein together?

• Hydrogen bonds

• Peptide bonds

• Van der Waals Interactions

• Lewis Bonds

Multiple Choice

What is this cell structure?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Vacuole

• Golgi apparatus

• Plasma membrane

Multiple Choice

Which elements make up proteins?

• CHO

• CHON

• CHONP

Multiple Choice

What are the 2 primary components of the plasma membrane?

• Carbs and proteins

• Phospholipids and proteins

• Nucleic acids and phospholipids

• Amino acids and carbs

Multiple Choice

What is the subunit of nucleic acids?

• Glucose

• Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acid Chains

• Amino Acids

• Nucleotides

Multiple Choice

Which cell structure is responsible for photosynthesis?

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Chlorophyll

• Cytoplasm

• Centriole

Multiple Choice

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

• Quick energy

• Long-term energy storage & Insulation

• Structure & Speed up chemical reactions

• Store genetic information & direct protein synthesis

Multiple Choice

What is this cell structure?

• Chloroplast

• Cytoplasm

• Chlorophyll

• Centriole

Multiple Choice

What are the ONLY 2 examples of nucleic acids?

• DNA & RNA

• DNA & TNA

• Proteins & Lipids

• Carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a part of the nucleotides that make up a nucleic acid?

• Phosphate group

• Sugar group

• Nitrogenous Base

• Hydrogen group

Multiple Choice

What elements make up a nucleic acid?

• CHO

• CHON

• CHONP

Multiple Choice

The nitrogenous base adenine pairs with:

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

Multiple Choice

What type of bond holds DNA bases together in the double helix structure?

• Peptide bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Van der Waals Interactions

• Clark bonds

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are types of which biomolecule?

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

Multiple Choice

Enzymes speed up reactions and are often called:

• Catalysts

• Chargers

• Fats

• Heaters

Multiple Choice

Enzymes typically end with the suffix:

• -ase

• -ise

• -tion

• -ose

Multiple Choice

In reference to enzymes, shape determines:

• size

• amount

• function

• parts

Multiple Choice

What do you call the place where a substrate attaches to an enzyme?

• Reactant

• Active Site

• Product

• Digestion

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are reusable.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

If an enzyme changes shape, it is said to have been _____.

• Altered

• Denatured

• Fried

• Zapped

Multiple Choice

What 2 things are typically the cause for enzyme denaturation?

• Temperature & density

• pH & density

• Mass & density

• Temperature & pH

Multiple Choice

What do we call the least amount of energy that is required for a chemical reaction to take place?

• Maximal energy

• Threshold

• Activation energy

• Mendel's energy threshold