Unit 1 Review

​Unit 1 Review

Multiple Choice

What characteristic do ALL cells have in common?

• Membrane-bound nuclei

• Ribosomes

• Cell walls

• Mitochondria

​All Cells have

Cell membrane

Ribosomes

DNA

​Cytoplasm

​

​Todas las celdas tienen

Membrana celular

Ribosomas

ADN

Citoplasma

Multiple Choice

A scientist observes a cell that is surrounded by a cell wall and lacks a nucleus and

membrane-bound organelles. What can the scientists conclude about the cell?

• The cell is prokaryotic

• The cell is eukaryotic, and a member of kingdom Plantae.

• The cell is eukaryotic, and a member of kingdom Fungi.

• The cell is part of a multicellular organism.

​Prokaryote Cells

Has a cell wall

Has a cell membrane

Has Cytoplasm

Has Ribosomes

Does not have a nucleus

​

​

​

​Células procariotas

Tiene una pared celular

Tiene una membrana celular

tiene citoplasma

tiene ribosomas

no tiene nucleo

Multiple Choice

Loriciferans are microscopic multicellular animals that live in various marine

sediments. Scientists have discovered genera of Loriciferans in a deep-sea habitat

that lacks oxygen. Before this discovery, some prokaryotes and some unicellular

eukaryotes were known to inhabit anaerobic environments. Among the newly

discovered Loriciferans is Spinoloricus sp. nov., which is pictured below.

Scientists determined that organisms of the genus Spinoloricus

were eukaryotes and not prokaryotes because Spinoloricus cells

have —

• Flagella

• hereditary material (DNA)

• cell walls

• nuclear membranes

​Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes are larger

Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotes have a nucleus with a nuclear membrane​

​

​Eucariotas vs Procariotas

Los eucariotas son más grandes.

Los eucariotas tienen orgánulos delimitados por membranas.

Los eucariotas tienen un núcleo con una membrana nuclear

Multiple Choice

The simplicity of prokaryotic cells prevent them from

• Growing and Reproducing

• Responding to their environment

• Forming specialized tissues and organs

• Moving through their environment

​All Living things

Are made of cells

​Metabolize nutrients

Reproduce

​Have DNA

​Homeostasis

​

​

​Todos los seres vivos

están hechos de células

​Metabolizar nutrientes

Reproducir

tener ADN

Homeostasis

Multiple Choice

Which of these describes a difference between viruses and cells?

• Cells contain protein, and viruses contain only carbohydrates.

• Viruses have flagella, and cells have only cilia.

• Cells reproduce independently, and viruses require a host to reproduce.

• Viruses have membranes made of proteins, cells have membranes made of nucleic acid.

Viruses vs Cells

Viruses need a host to reproduce

Viruses are MUCH smaller

Viruses cannot maintain homeostasis

Viruses cannot make energy or metabolize nutrients​

​Viruses do not grow

​Virus vs Células

Los virus necesitan un huésped para reproducirse

Los virus son MUCHO más pequeños

Los virus no pueden mantener la homeostasis.

Los virus no pueden generar energía ni metabolizar nutrientes.

Los virus no crecen

​

Multiple Choice

Yellow fever, encephalitis, and measles are diseases in humans. The disease-causing

agents take over the machinery of the cells and use it to reproduce. Based on this

information, the agents that cause these diseases are which of the following?

• fungi

• ticks

• worms

• viruses

• Need a host to reproduce

• Using the host cells organelles and molecules to reproduce.

  • enzymes

  • ​ribosomes

  • ATP

Virus

​

​Necesita un huésped para reproducirse

• Utilizando los orgánulos y moléculas de las células huésped para reproducirse.

  • enzimas

  • ribosomas

  • ATP

Multiple Choice

Four students attempted to classify organisms into the Plant and Animal

kingdoms. Their classifications are shown in the table below.

Which student’s classification correctly separates organisms into these two

kingdoms?

• Student 1

• Student 2

• Student 3

• Student 4

​Plants vs Animal Eukaryotes

Plants have cell walls

Plants have chloroplast (green chlorophyll)​

​

​Plantas vs animales eucariotas

Las plantas tienen paredes celulares.

Las plantas tienen cloroplasto (clorofila verde)

Multiple Choice

The organization of living systems begin with atoms-molecules-organelles-cells-

tissue-organ-organ system-organism. Which of the following organisms has the

simplest cellular structure?

• bacterium

• earthworm

• sunflower

• mushroom

​Prokaryotes

ALL are bacteria ​

​unicellular (one cell)

Oldest and simplest ​life form

​Procariotas

TODAS son bacterias

unicelular (una celula)

La forma de vida más antigua y simple

Multiple Choice

A single-celled organism that a student observed under a

microscope is shown to the right. Which of the following statements

best describes this organism?

• The organism is eukaryotic because it has a plasma membrane.

• The organism is prokaryotic because it can reproduce asexually.

• The organism is prokaryotic because it can synthesize its own food.

• The organism is eukaryotic because it has membrane-bound organelles.

​Prokaryotes

Reproduce ​asexually called

Binary Fission​

​

​Procariotas

Se reproducen asexualmente llamados

fisión binaria

Multiple Choice

A scientist is studying gene expression in a prokaryote. Which of the following

organisms could the scientist be studying?

• Bacillus subtilis, a bacterium

• Leucobryum glaucum, a moss

• Lycoperdon pyriforme, a fungus

• Caenorhabditis elegans, a roundworm

​Prokaryotes

ALL are bacteria ​

​unicellular (one cell)

Oldest and simplest ​life form

​Procariotas

TODAS son bacterias

unicelular (una celula)

La forma de vida más antigua y simple

Open Ended

Which organelle is directly surrounding or outside of the nucleus and what is its

function? (Include all possible functions).

​​Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

covered in ribosomes

transports and modifies (changes or folds) proteins

​

​

​Retículo endoplasmático rugoso

cubierto de ribosomas

transporta y modifica (cambia o pliega) proteínas

​Nucleus

controls cell activities

contains most of the DNA (genetic material)

protected by the nuclear envelope/membrane

Nucleolus- location of ribosome synthesis​

​​

​

​

​​Núcleo

controla las actividades celulares

contiene la mayor parte del ADN (material genético)

protegido por la envoltura/membrana nuclear

Nucleolus: ubicación de la síntesis de ribosomas.

​Lysosome

contains enzymes needed to

break down nutrients

and waste in the cell

(found only in animal cells)

​

​

​

​Lisosoma

contiene las enzimas necesarias para

descomponer los nutrientes

y residuos en la celda

(encontrado solo en células animales)

​Mitochondria

breaks down sugar into energy known as ATP

(site of cellular respiration)

​

​

​

​Mitocondrias

descompone el azúcar en energía conocida como ATP

(lugar de respiración celular)

​Golgi Apparatus

changes, packages, and ships

proteins and other materials for

storage in the cell or release

outside the cell

​

​

​​

​

​AMAZON

UPS

POSTAL SERVICE​

​Aparato de Golgi

cambios, paquetes y envíos

proteínas y otros materiales para

almacenamiento en la celda o liberación

fuera de la celda

Cell Membrane​

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Provides protection (like skin) and

provides support (holds the organelles in place)

Maintains homeostasis

Membrana celular

Regula lo que entra y sale de la célula.

Proporciona protección (como la piel) y

proporciona apoyo (mantiene los orgánulos en su lugar)

Mantiene la homeostasis​

​Cytoplasm

Gel-like filling of the cell

support and structure

​

​Citoplasma

Relleno de la célula similar a un gel.

soporte y estructura

​Ribosomes

Site of Protein Synthesis (building)

​

​

Ribosomas

​Sitio de síntesis de proteínas (edificio)

​

​Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

​

​ carries materials throughout the

cell site of lipid synthesis

​

transporta materiales por todo el

sitio celular de síntesis de lípidos

​

Multiple Choice

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often infects and destroys CD4 T

cells. These CD4 T cells are one of many kinds of white blood cells that are an

important part of the immune system. The most common danger related to the

destruction of CD4 T cells is —

• an increase in the risk of high blood pressure

• an increase in the threat of diseases caused by microorganisms and viruses

• a decrease in the flow of blood to vital organs

• a decrease in the amount of oxygen being transported to tissues

Multiple Choice

Viruses can be transmitted through air, water, food, insect bites, and direct skin

contact. Once a virus gains entry to the body, it invades a host cell in order to —

• deactivate the host cell’s defenses

• synthesize antibodies for defense

• metabolize host proteins and grow

• access cellular processes for replication