Integumentary Diseases Day 2

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Integumentary System Diseases

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Decubitus Ulcers

Are pressure sores created on the skin when the blood supply to the skin is cut off for more than two to three hours
consistently as a result of non-movement

Skin-info: decubitus ulcers are a major concern of nursing homes,
hospitals and assisted living facilities due to the limited mobility of
some of the residents of these locations

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also known as bedsores

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Decubitus Ulcers

• Are divided into stages I-V based on severity
• Are best treated by prevention

– adding padding to wheelchairs or chairs
– turning and repositioning the body
– providing good skin care

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Common Areas for Bed Sores

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Images

Multiple Choice

Decubitus ulcers are caused by__________

• not moving a patient every 2-3 hours

• having the patient walk too much

• wrong medications

Multiple Choice

How many stages of decubitus ulcer are there?

• 4

• 5

• 7

• 2

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Burns

❖ Burns

➢ Tissue injuries caused by contact with thermal,

chemical, electrical or radioactive agents

➢ Burns not only affect the skin but also the respiratory and digestive tract linings

➢ Burns can be life threatening

• May include dehydration, shock, and infection

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Burn Classification

● First degree (superficial) burns

○ Least serious type of burn

○ Only involve injury to the epidermis

○ Commonly caused by brief contact with dry or moist

heat(thermal burn), spending too much time in the sun
(sunburn) or exposure to chemicals (chemical burn)

○ Injury is restricted to local effects such as redness

(erythema) and acute sensitivity to touch, heat or cold
(hyperresthesia)

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Burn Classification

● Second degree (partial thickness) burn

○ Deep burns that damage the epidermis and part of the

dermis

○ Caused by contact with flames, hot liquids or

chemicals.

○ Symptoms mimic those of first degree burns, but

fluid-filled blisters form.

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Burn Classification

● Third degree (full-thickness) burns

○ Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer are destroyed

• burns extend to the bone, muscle, tendons, nerves and some of the underlying connective tissue

• Skin appears white or charred; sensation is lost

Caused by corrosive chemicals, flames, electricity or extremely hot
objects, immersion of the body in extremely hot water or clothing catches
fire

○
Skin grafts is commonly required

Match

Match the following

• 1st degree burn

• 2nd-degree burn

• 3rd degree burn

superficial; involves the epidermis

partial thickness; involves the epidermis and dermis

full-thickness; involves the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous

• superficial; involves the epidermis

• partial thickness; involves the epidermis and dermis

• full-thickness; involves the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous

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Burn Treatment

Rule of Nines

● Formula for estimating the percentage of the adult

body surface area affected by the burns

● This method assigns values of 9% or 18% of

surface areas to specific regions.

● Formula is modified for infants and children

because of the proportionately larger head

● Not accurate in children

○ Lund & Browder chart is used on children

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Match

Match the following

• allograft

• autograft

• synthetic

• xenograft

homograft; one person to another

from self; one site to another

artificial skin

from a foreign donor; usually a pig; also called heterograft

• homograft; one person to another

• from self; one site to another

• artificial skin

• from a foreign donor; usually a pig; also called heterograft

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Abscess

•Localized collection of pus at the infection site
(characteristically a staphylococcal infection)
•Most common sites on hairy parts of the body
exposed to irritation, pressure, friction, or moisture

Hotspot

Select the Adipose.

Hotspot

Identify the Stratum Corneum

Hotspot

Select the Hypodermis.

Multiple Choice

What layer of the epidermis is 1 pointing to?

• Stratum Basale
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Granulosum
• Stratum Corneum

Multiple Choice

The oldest cells of the epidermis will be found here

• Stratum Corneum
• Stratum Basale
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Granulosum

Multiple Choice

What layer of the epidermis is 2 pointing to?

• Stratum Basale
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Granulosum
• Stratum Corneum

Multiple Choice

What layer of the epidermis is 3 pointing to?

• Stratum Basale
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Granulosum
• Stratum Corneum

Multiple Choice

What layer of the epidermis is 4 pointing to?

• Stratum Lucidum
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Granulosum
• Stratum Corneum