Senior Fianal Review Slides

​4 Elements of the State

The 4 Elements of the State are

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• ​Territory

• ​Population

• ​Government

• ​Soverienty

Territory

​Any area, with defined boundaries

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​The United States' boundaries are From Canada in the North to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico in the South. From the Atlantic Ocean in the East to the Pacific in the West

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​Where you live with your family = territory

​Population

​Any number of people

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​The word "population" comes from the word "popular" referring to "what the people like"

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​The word popular comes from the Latin word "populus" which means "people"

​The phrase "We the People" in the Constitution, is an example of the element of the State, "Population"

​The people you live with = population

​Government

​An institution or system responsible for making Laws

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​Government comes in different forms - Our Constitution creates a "Federal system" of government

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​Federalism represents the Element of the State "Government" for the United States

​The "rules" you have to follow at home and the person who made them = government

​Sovereignty

The State must have the power to rule itself - they answer to no foreign or outside force

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And must have something that "rules"over the people

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​In America the Constitution is "sovereign" it is the law and the Law Rules - the law is Sovereign

Who ever is in charge and makes the rules in your house is "sovereign".

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No one outside your house tells you what to do in your house

The Four Origin Theories of the State are

​Force - do as I say or else

Evolutionary - Clans become State when they settled on land

​Divine Right - God chose leader, disobey leader = disobey God

Social Contract​ - an agreement between people and their government

​Origins of the State

The ancient Roman Republic had the greatest influence on our founding fathers

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Classical Republicanism focus on promoting the "common good" doing what is best for society as a whole

The We before the Me

Classical Republicanism

Small Homogenous societies,

Moral Education

Civic Virtue

Characteristics of Classical Republicanism

Classical Republicanism believed the principles and values of a society must be taught or they won't be continued in the future

Moral Education

​Kids should study Heroes through Literature, Art and Music

​​The best way to learn civic virtue

​Was a Natural Rights Philosopher who believed that

People are naturally selfish and quick to fight.​

Hobbes

Was a Natural Rights Philosopher who believed people are a born a 'blank slate', and develop differently according to their life's experiences..

Locke

Both philosophers tried to imagine what life was like before there was government

The called this "State of Nature"

State of Nature

Hobbes described life in a state of Nature as poor, nasty, brutish, and short

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Hobbes, wrote a book saying people could only live together peacefully in they were ruled over by an authorization leader who ruled by fear - His book was called Leviathan

Hobbes view of the Social Contract

​was that people must surrender their rights to question, criticize, alter or overthrow their government​

​Social Contract

For both Hobbes and Locke, the Social Contract is an agreement between.

The peop​le and their government

Locke believed it was impossible to give up your rights

Hobbes believed it was required

Differences

Locke believed that people's natural rights are not from the government but gifted to them by their Creator

Locke

Locke believed humans were capable of living under a social contract because they could think and reason

​The Social Contract theory explains why people leave a State of Nature and choose to live in communities or as a society

Social Contract

​The 4 characteristics of Natural Rights according to Locke are

Equality

Individual Rights

Popular Sovereignty

Limited Government​

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Natural Rights

Emphasizes the Rights of Individuals and focuses on the Me before the We

Natural Rights

Thomas Jefferson was influenced by John Locke and put his ideas about the Social Contract in to the Declaration of Independence - our First founding document

The Articles of Confederation was American's first official govt. It didn't work because most of the power was held by the States

The Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation and created a Federal System of government where the States and Federal government share the power to rule

The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to define how the government must protect the Rights of the People

The Preamble of the Constitution explains the goals and vision for the county and our government.

Preamble

​The phrase "More Perfect Union" refers to the idea that we need a better system of government because the Articles of Confederation wasn't working

The word "union" comes from the root word "Uni" which means "One"

Union

Our Founding Fathers said they wanted to build a country were Laws were Fair and Equally applied to everyone

Establish Justice

​Under the Articles of Confederation, States were competing against each other and not cooperating - we did not have peace at home

Insure Domestic Tranquility

Under the Constitution the government was able to create a National military to protect the country rather than rely on State militias to volunteer

Common Defense

Promote the general welfare means that the government will be responsible for providing certain basic services that benefit all or most people - this divides society into Public and Private spheres​

General Welfare

​Some of this basic services are the government will insure we all have clean air and water and will also encourage innovation through patents and research

​​General Welfare

Secure the Blessings of Liberty refers to the idea the we must work at keeping our liberty and rights safe and protected

We know our right to Liberty is a Blessing because Liberty is one of the Rights that our Creator "endowed" us with

Blessings

​Secure the blessing for Ourselves and our Posterity means for us and future generations - our kids

Posterity

The word posterity comes from the word "post" which means follows or after

Pre means before,

Post means after​

Posterity

The Constitution has a Preamble

7 Articles and

27 Amendments

The first 3 Articles define and explain the powers of the 3 Branches of the Government

Explains the structure and function of the Legislative Branch

The branch that Makes the Law​

Article I

Explains the structure and function of the Executive Branch The branch that Enforces the Law

Article II

Explains the structure and function of the Judicial Branch

The Branch th​at Judges the Law

Article III

3 Branches Checked and Balanced

By Mrs. Durham

Note the Branch, the Power, the entities that make up each branch

The NEXT slide has vital information about the LEGISLATIVE Branch.

Study the slide and PHOTO CAREFULLY so you can answer the questions that follow​

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Members, Ages, Terms

Congress:

The POWER to

MAKE LAW

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Also known as "Congress"

Bicameral Legislature meaning "Two House"

Upper House is the Senate

Lower House is the House of

Representatives​

Every State has 2 Senators

Each State has representatives "proportional" to it's population

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​Legislative Branch

Consists of the President aka POTUS (President Of The Untited States)​

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The Vice President will become President if something happens to the President and he/she is unable to finish their term in office​

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The Cabinet consists of Experts in different areas such as law, eduction, military and foreign policy

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Executive Branch

Qualifications to be President

Study the qualifications and be ready to answer questions

Qualifications to be Vice President

Study the qualifications and be ready to answer questions

Remember, the President isn't an expert in all things, even Presidents needs advice​

The Cabinet’s role is to advise the President on any subject he or she may require relating to the duties of each member’s respective office.

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Most cabinet members go by the title of "Secretary"

​The Cabinet