Cells Review

Multiple Choice

A scientist isolates a number of non-photosynthetic prokaryotes.

Which structure would be found in these cells?

• Cell Walls

• Chloroplasts

• Gogli Body

• Nucleus

Question Explanation

​1. A scientist isolates a number of non-photosynthetic prokaryotes.

Which structure would be found in these cells?

A. cell walls

B. chloroplast- non-photosynthetic indicates that they don’t have chloroplasts.

C. golgi body- the golgi body is a membrane-bound organelle. Membrane-bound organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells.

D. nucleus- prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei.

Draw

 Identify which structures are present in animal cells and which structures are present in bacteria cells. Check the blank box next to a structure to mark it as present in each of the two cell types.

Question Explanation

​Animal cells have no cell wall, just the membrane. Plant cells have a cell wall, and so do bacteria cells.

All cells have DNA.

Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.

All cells have ribosomes.

Dropdown

Drawing ​​

Select answer

is a representation of a prokaryotic cell.

C is the correct answer because it shows the DNA floating around in the cytoplasm. It also depicts an absence of membrane bound organelles. You can also see the small dots representing ribosomes (an organelle without a membrane).

​Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

Which pair of organelles works together to give structure and support in animal cells?

• Cell Wall and Cytoplasm

• Cytoskeleton and golgi complex

• Cell membrane and cytoskeleton

• Endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane

Question Explanation

Remember that animal cells don’t have cell walls. Cell membrane is the boundary between the cell and the outside environment. Cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that hold the organelles in place.

Multiple Choice

A small, round structure that makes proteins for a cell.

• Mitochondria

• Chromosomes

• Ribosomes

• Lysosomes

Question Explanation

A small, round structure that makes proteins for a cell.

A. Mitochondria- powerhouse of the cell

B. Chromosomes- long DNA molecule

C. Ribosomes- produces proteins

D. Lysosomes- break down worn out cell parts

Multiple Choice

The phospholipid bilayer is part of what cell structure?

• Cell Membrane

• Wall

• Ribosome

• DNA

The phospholipid bilayer is part of what cell structure?

A. membrane- think back to all the coloring we did in class!

B. wall

C. DNA

D. ribosome

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Question Explanation

Draw

Which of the following are functions of the cell membrane? Choose 3.

These functions are how the cell membrane helps our bodies maintain homeostasis, the stable/balanced internal conditions necessary for our survival!

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Question Explanation

Draw

The diagram models the time-lapse movement of particles across a cell membrane. The particles have characteristics that allow them to pass freely across the membrane.

We know based on the phrasing of the question that these particles can pass through the membrane freely. This means that they are moving by passive transport. For passive transport, particles cannot have a charge. Charged particles are repelled by the membrane unless they have help getting across. Passive transport never requires any added energy. Passive transport only works with small particles. Protein and carbohydrates are large. Water is able to simply diffuse, and so are most gasses such as oxygen or carbon dioxide.

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Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

A red blood cell is placed into an aqueous solution. The red blood cell has a lower concentration of protein and sugar than the aqueous solution, as shown in the diagram. In the diagram, the volume of the cell is equal to the volume outside the cell. 

What is most likely to occur?

• Water from the solution will diffuse into the red blood cell.

• Water from the red blood cell will diffuse into the solution.

• Protein and sugar from the solution will diffuse into the red blood cell.

• Protein and sugar from the red blood cell will diffuse into the solution.

Sugar is a solute, meaning it can dissolve in water. This cell is in an aqueous solution, which means a water based solution. Water is able to simply diffuse across the cell membrane in a process called osmosis, and it always moves in the direction of more solute.

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Question Explanation

Therefore, water from the red blood cell will diffuse into the solution, where there is more sugar. Also, it is important to note that protein is not a solute. Proteins are also large. They cannot simply diffuse through the cell; they would need help getting in and out.

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Multiple Choice

 For normal nerve transmission in mammals, nerve cells maintain specific concentrations of potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) ions. Concentrations of Na+ ions are normally higher outside the cell and lower inside the cell, while K+ Ions are normally lower outside the cell and higher Inside the cell. However, cell membranes are Impermeable to Na+ and K+ ions. The diagram shows the relative concentrations of ions In solution inside and outside the cell. Which process describes how a nerve cell maintains homeostasis In regards to the Na+ and K+ ion concentrations?

• by converting the sodium ions present inside the cell into potassium ions

• by blocking both types of ions from moving into or out of the cell membrane

• by transporting both types of ions through protein pumps within the cell membrane

• by producing more potassium ions inside the cell and eliminating sodium ions as waste

The sodium potassium pump is moving charged ions, which means it requires energy and is a form of active transport. The charged ions get through the cell membrane with the help of a protein pump (powered by ATP).

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Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

The sodium potassium pump is a form of active transport. This means __________ is required.

• Glucose

• ATP

• Water

• Oxygen

ATP is the form of energy that cells can use.​

​Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by

• Osmosis

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Lipid Carriers

Endo= into

Exo= Exit

Osmosis is the

diffusion of water.

We never discussed lipid

carriers.

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Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

The cell in beaker B would be

• Hypertonic

• Hypotonic

• Isotonic

• Neutral

There is more solute in the cell than there is in the solution. Water diffuses in the direction of MORE SOLUTE. When water moves into the cell, we consider the solution HYPOTONIC.

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QUESTION EXPLANATION

Multiple Choice

Students in a biology class conduct an experiment to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis in a plant. They place an Elodea plant into a tube filled with water. Then, the students place the test tube under a light and slowly increase the temperature of the water. They record their results and display them on a graph as shown.

• The rate of oxygen production is lowest in section M.

• The rate of oxygen production is greatest in section M.

• The production of water molecules is greatest in section L.

• The number of carbon dioxide molecules in the beaker is greatest in section K.

Section M is the height of the graph, showing us where the rate of photosynthesis is at its greatest point. Oxygen is a product of photosynthesis, so if there is more photosynthesis, there is more oxygen being produced.

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​Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

Which statement explains the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?​   

•  Oxygen molecules break down at temperatures above 25°C.

• The rate of photosynthesis is unaffected by the temperature of the water.

• The number of chloroplasts in the cell decreases as temperature increases.

• Enzymes involved with plant photosynthesis are disrupted at temperatures above 25°C.

We see on the graph that temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis up to a certain point, and then we see a sharp decline. Oxygen molecules, referenced in option A, are irrelevant because they are not needed for photosynthesis. Rather, they are produced by photosynthesis. Option B is clearly wrong as temperature has an affect on photosynthesis. ​

Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

How is chemosynthesis different from photosynthesis?

• Chemosynthesis does not require enzymes.

• Chemosynthesis can occur in environments without sunlight.

• Chemosynthesis does not require reactants from outside the cell.

• Chemosynthesis produces sugars that organisms use as an energy source.

Chemosynthesis is how autotrophs (organisms that make their own food) produce glucose. The organisms that do this live way down deep in the ocean, in hydrothermal vents, that have no access to sunlight.

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​Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

The model shows the overall process of cellular respiration in a typical animal cell.

• Glycolysis ➜ fermentation ➜ Krebs cycle

•  Krebs cycle ➜ electron transport ➜ glycolysis

• Glycolysis ➜ Krebs cycle ➜ electron transport

•  Krebs cycle ➜ glycolysis ➜ electron transport

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol, breaking down glucose, but the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur inside the mitochondria. Electron carriers such as NADH produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle pass their electrons to the electron transport chain, which results in synthesis of a lot of ATP.

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​Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true of cellular respiration?

• It occurs in all cells

• It occurs only in animal cells

• It occurs in plant cells

• It occurs in the chloroplasts

All cells need to convert food energy (glucose) into an energy form that cells can use (ATP). This is done through the process of photosynthesis.

Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?

• chloroplast

• Golgi body

• endoplasmic reticulum

• mitochondria

The mitochondria is the “powerhouse” of the cell and the organelle that you should associate with the process of cellular respiration.

Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C the gas being collected is most likely

• Oxygen

• Carbon Dioxide

• ATP

• Vaporized Water

Oxygen is the gas that is the product of photosynthesis.

Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

Because most nerve cells do not typically undergo mitosis, they are generally not capable of which of the following?

• Producing enzymes

• Generating more nerve cells

• Performing cellular respiration

• Transporting molecules against the concentration gradient

Mitosis is the division of body cells. It’s how you get more body cells. Nerve cells are body cells. If they aren’t mitosis, they can’t generate any more nerve cells through cell division.

Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that

• Cancer cells divide uncontrollably

• Cancer cells cannot make copies of DNA

• Normal cells divide uncontrollably

• Normal cells cannot make copies of DNA

The definition of cancer is a mass of cells that are dividing uncontrollably. Normal cells have regulatory mechanisms that determine when and how much they divide.

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Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This exchange of genetic material —

• increases the genetic variation of the gametes that are formed

• reduces the diploid number of chromosomes to the haploid number

• leads to the production of gametes that are genetically identical

• reduces the probability of mutations

One of the unique features of meiosis is that crossing over occurs, exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes (chromosomes containing the same type of genes from mom and from dad). This explains why even though you may have siblings with the same parents, your sibling doesn’t have the exact same DNA as you.

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Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

The first three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2) are collectively known as

• mitosis

• cell respiration

• interphase

• meiosis

A cell spends most of its time in what is called interphase, and during this time it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division.

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Question Explanation

Multiple Choice

The diagram models a process as it occurs in an animal cell and a plant cell. What has occurred in both cells immediately before this process?

• A cell nucleus has divided by mitosis.

• Two cells have migrated to join together.

• A cell has grown larger, without mitosis occurring.

• The cytoplasm has gradually solidified.

This animal cell and plant cell are about to finish cytokinesis and divide into two. They already have two nuclei.

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Question Explanation

Open Ended

What are 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

When your skin makes new cells, are the cells replaced by mitosis or meiosis?

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Question Explanation

Mitosis is the division of body cells. When skin makes new cells, the cells are replaced by mitosis.

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Open Ended

What are 3 things a plant cell has that an animal cell does not? What does each of those organelles do for the cell?

What are 3 things a plant cell has that an animal cell does not? What does each of those organelles do for the cell?

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Question Explanation

1. Large Vacuole- store more food and water

2. Cell Wall- additional protection, rigidity

3. Chloroplasts- photosynthesis (make food)

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Open Ended

What do ALL cells have in common?

What do ALL cells have in common?

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Question Explanation

1. Cell membrane

2. DNA

3. Ribosomes

4. Cytoplasm

5. Cellular respiration

6. They come from other cells

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Open Ended

How does the cell membrane help cells maintain homeostasis?

How does the cell membrane help cells maintain homeostasis?

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Question Explanation

Homeostasis includes anything that the body does to help maintain internal stability/balance. The cell membrane helps maintain homeostasis because it regulates what goes in and out of the cell. There are things cells need to keep out and things cells need to bring in.

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Draw

What is the equation for photosynthesis? Circle the REACTANTS put a square around the PRODUCTS.

What is the equation for photosynthesis? Circle the REACTANTS put a square around the PRODUCTS.

Draw

What is the equation for cellular respiration? Circle the REACTANTS put a square around the PRODUCTS.

What is the equation for cellular respiration? Circle the REACTANTS put a square around the PRODUCTS.

Labelling

On the diagram below, determine where the words glucose, CO2, H2O, and O2 should be written.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Glucose and 02

C02 and H20

On the diagram below, determine where the words glucose, CO2, H2O, and O2 should be written.

Open Ended

Carbon and oxygen cycle through the ecosystem via photosynthesis and cell respiration. In an experiment to observe this phenomenon, a student set up 4 test tubes with oxygenated water. Elodea and snails were added as shown. An indicator known as bromothymol blue (BTB), which is non-toxic, was added to determine levels of carbon dioxide. Which test tube would have the most carbon dioxide? Why? Which test tube would have the most oxygen? Why? Which test tube would have equal amounts of carbon dioxide and oxygen?

Carbon and oxygen cycle through the ecosystem via photosynthesis and cell respiration. In an experiment to observe this phenomenon, a student set up 4 test tubes with oxygenated water. Elodea and snails were added as shown. An indicator known as bromothymol blue (BTB), which is non-toxic, was added to determine levels of carbon dioxide. Which test tube would have the most carbon dioxide? Why? Which test tube would have the most oxygen? Why? Which test tube would have equal amounts of carbon dioxide and oxygen?

Question Explanation

D= most carbon dioxide (more snails, which exhale carbon

dioxide)

C= equal amounts (roughly, because of what we know about

the gas exchange that would be occurring)

B= most oxygen (the elodea plant would be doing 

photosynthesis, taking in carbon dioxide and releasing

oxygen)

A= control tube (showing us the baseline)

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Open Ended

When your skin makes new cells, are the cells replaced by mitosis or meiosis? 

When your skin makes new cells, are the cells replaced by mitosis or meiosis?

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Question Explanation

Mitosis is the division of body cells. When skin makes new cells, the cells are replaced by mitosis.

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Open Ended

If you started with 50 parental cells and each went through mitosis, how many

daughter cells would be produced? How many gametes would be produced if

the 50 parental cells went through meiosis?

Question Explanation

​If you started with 50 parental cells and each went through mitosis, how many daughter cells would be produced? How many gametes would be produced if the 50 parental cells went through meiosis?

Starting with mitosis, 50 parental cells would produce 100 daughter cells. For each parental cell that divides during mitosis, two daughter cells are created.

50 parental cells going through meiosis would produce 200 daughter cells. Each parental cell during meiosis actually divides twice, creating four daughter cells.

Open Ended

Explain how stem cells are like blank slates.

Explain how stem cells are like blank slates.

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Question Explanation

Stem cells are like blank slates because they can become specialized cells by turning on/off portions of DNA.

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1. According to cell theory, all cells come from previously existing CELLS.

2. Depending on whether they have a NUCLEUS, organisms are classified as either eukaryotes or prokaryotes.

3.Cells that need to make a lot of protein are expected to have a large number of RIBOSOMES.

4. Molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. This process is called DIFFUSION.

Large molecules, such as glucose, that cannot cross the membrane can still move across the membrane through a type of passive transport called FACILITATED DIFFUSION.

Some materials can move across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient by ACTIVE TRANSPORT.

A cell’s relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions are called HOMEOSTASIS.