Biology RC 1 Review Part 2

Biomolecules, Cell Cycle, and DNA

RC 1 Review Part 2

Complete the following review using your ISN as reference. Some slides contain reading material or videos. Your expectation is to read and view these study resources. ​(Your time spent on each slide is recorded)

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​Grade Goal is 90% - unlimited tries

​grades above 87 will replace a zero or recieve extra credit

Multiple Choice

The monomer (building block) of a nucleic acid is

• Monosaccharide

• Amino Acid

• Nucleotide

• Polysaccharide

​Biomolecules

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is important source of energy for humans; glucose for human cells, tissues, and organs; provides fiber, sugar, and starches; provides structural support, cell wall, and cell membrane maker?

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

• Protein

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule includes fats, such as triglycerides, oils, waxes, and steroids (cholesterol); insoluble in water; provides energy storage, insulation, part of cell membrane, and hormones 

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipids

• Carbohydrate

• Protein

Multiple Choice

The waxy, organic substances used by aquatic birds to coat their feathers, when analyzed consists mostly of 

• lipids

• proteins

• carbohydrates

• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule helps form muscles?

• Nucleic Acid

• Carbohydrate

• Protein

• Lipids

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is responsible for insulation and energy storage?

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is responsible for insulation and energy storage?

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

The enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions are

macromolecules called proteins. Which of the following elements most often compose proteins? (Hint: CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP)

• carbon and hydrogen

• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

• carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous

Multiple Choice

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are the elements that make up______?

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

Click the link - and watch FIRST

Enzymes are considered to be 

• Lipids

• Carbohydrate

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

Stages of Cell Cycle

1) Interphase

2) Mitosis (PMAT)

3) Cytokinesis

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose  of an enzyme?

• give permission for the reaction

• raise activation energy

• speed up reactions

• control how many reactions occur

Multiple Choice

Where do substrates bind on an enzyme?

• voltage-gated channels

• surface receptor

• calcium channels

• active site

Multiple Choice

What is being represented by the letter A in the image?

• Substrate

• Enzyme

• Product

• Complex

Multiple Choice

What is being represented by the letter B in the image?

• Substrate

• Enzyme

• Substrate

• Product

Multiple Choice

What happens to an enzyme when it denatures?

• The shape of enzyme molecule changes and the attracts different substates.

• The activation energy of the reaction stops and the enzyme dies.

• It's optimal conditions for temperature of the enzyme are doubled.

• The shape of the enzyme molecule is changed and enzyme will become non-functional.

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose  of an enzyme?

• give permission for the reaction

• raise activation energy

• speed up reactions

• control how many reactions occur

Multiple Choice

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.

• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8

• The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0

• The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .

Multiple Choice

Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 

• 15^oC

• 40^oC

• 30^oC

• 35^oC

Multiple Choice

Letter C...

• active site

• enzymes

• substrate

• products

Multiple Choice

What is the optimal pH of enzyme A?

• 8

• 2

• 5.7-10

• 10

Multiple Choice

In which phase of Mitosis do the Chromosomes pull Apart

• Metaphase

• Prophase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is made of nucleotides and include your DNA? (Hint: they carry genetic information)

• Carbohydrate

• Lipids

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

Multiple Choice

Cells of organism must replicate for ?

• growth

• repair of damaged tissue

• replacement of dying cells.

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What does DNA Replication mean?

• DNA is made.

• DNA makes new cells.

• DNA copies itself.

• DNA starts the cell cycle.

Multiple Choice

PMAT helps us remember the correct order of the phases of Mitosis. Which of the following has the phases of Mitosis in the correct Order

• Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase

• Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Telophase

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Multiple Choice

Which stage of the cell cycle do cells spend the most time?

• Cytokinesis

• Mitosis

• Interphase

• Prophase

Multiple Choice

Which stage of the Life Cycle of the cell is this cell in (look close-the DNA hasn't formed Chromosomes (X) yet)

• Interphase

• Prophase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

During what phase of Mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the Middle

• Metaphase

• Prophase

• Telophase

• Anaphase

Multiple Choice

What are the "X" shaped things in the drawing.

• PMATs

• Chromosomes

• Ribosomes

• Telophase

Multiple Select

Which of these are part of the Cell Cycle?

• Mitosis

• Interphase

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Cytokines

DNA Replication!

- Making copies of DNA so that all your cells can look the same!

DNA Structure

1. DNA is made of ladders(Nitrogen bases - A, T, G, C)- The ladder is also known us "rungs"

2. DNA base pairing rules: A=T and G=C

3. The backbone of DNA is made of Deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate.

4. A-T have two hydrogen bonds and G-C has three hydrogen bond

5. DNA is antiparallel! They go in opposite directions!

DNA Direction!

Antiparallel- They go in opposite directions

Primes- Reading starts at Oxygen (Tip of the pentose sugar) and goes clockwise

Stages of DNA replication

1. Helicase unwinds/unzips the DNA

2. Single-stranded binding proteins bind to unzipped strands to keep them separated!

3. DNA Polymerase enzyme adds nitrogen bases (A, T, G, C) to the leading strand

Stages of DNA replication

4. Primase enzyme adds primer on the lagging strand of the DNA to make Okazaki fragments

5. DNA polymerase adds the nucleotide bases to Okazaki fragments

6. Ligase- Connects/Glues the Okazaki fragments to complete DNA replication

DNA Replication

Ameoba sisters!

Multiple Choice

This picture is illustrating the ____ nature of DNA.

• anti-parallel

• deoxyribosic

• helical

• radioactive

Multiple Choice

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand

CAT TCA CTG

• ATG TGA CAG

• TAC ACT GTC

• GTA AGT GAC

• CAT TCA CTG

Multiple Choice

Which is the first step?

• DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

• RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

• DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

• Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

Multiple Choice

What are the 4 nitrogen bases?

• adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine

• adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine

• adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol

• adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose

Multiple Choice

Guanine bonds with ______________.

• Adenine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

• Thymine