1.2 Atomic Structure

​Dimitri Mendeleev organized all the atoms of different elements into a table based on their atomic number.

Due to developments in available technology and with more information is generated from the creativity of scientists, the model of the atom grew in time.

Multiple Choice

Bohr Model of an atom

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Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Dalton's Atomic Model

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Who was the first person to "think" of an atom?

• Democritus

• J.J. Thompson

• Rutherford

• Bohr

Multiple Choice

Ernest Rutherford discovered that the atom was mostly _________________ and has a _______________ charged nucleus.

• empty space, positively

• empty space, negatively

• full of protons, positively

• full of neutrons, negatively

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Who organized the elements into a table based on their atomic number?

• John Dalton

• Aristotle

• Dimitri Mendeleev

• Earnest Rutherford

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Which of the following is similar to the models of Rutherford, Bohr, Shrodinger, and Thompson?

• Atoms are indivisible

• Atoms are all the same

• Atoms have positive and negative charges

• Atoms have layers of neutrons

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Who proposed this atomic model?

• Earnest Rutherford

• John Dalton

• Democritus

• Niels Bohr

​There are three subatomic particles: protons (+), electrons (-), and neutrons (no charge).

The number of protons determine the atomic number and the identity of the element.

​There are three subatomic particles: protons (+), electrons (-), and neutrons (no charge).

The number of protons determine the atomic number and the identity of the element.

​Boron

.

.

.

Silver

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An atom of an element is electrically neutral because the number of protons

is equal to the number of _____________.

• A. electrons

• B. neutrons

• C. nucleons

• D. nucleus

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Which two particles would be attracted to each other?

• A. protons and neutrons

• B. electrons and protons

• C. electrons and neutrons

• D. All particles are attracted to each other.

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What was Thomson's atomic model called?

• A. Spherical Model

• B. Solar System Model

• C. Plum Pudding Model

• D. Model of the Atomic Theory

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Which of the following statements BEST describes the location of electrons in

Rutherford’s model of the atom?

• A. The electrons are inside the nucleus.

• B. The electrons are outside the nucleus.

• C. There are no electrons in the Rutherford Model.

• D. Electrons are both inside and outside of the nucleus.

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The nucleus of an atom contains which subatomic particles?

• protons and electrons

• protons and neutrons

• electrons and neutrons

• protons, electrons, and neutrons

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In a neutral atom, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?

• protons and neutrons

• all subatomic particles are equal in number

• neutrons and electrons

• protons and electrons

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Which subatomic particle is counted to determine the type of element the atom represents?

• proton

• neutron

• electron

• boron

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Particles in an atom that are neutral and have no charge are 

• negatrons 

• electrons 

• neutrons 

• protons 

​Neon Ne-20 isotope

​Neon Ne-21 isotope

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Which particles have approximately the same size and mass?

• A. protons and neutrons

• B. electrons and protons

• C. neutrons and electrons

• D. None because all are different in terms of size and mass

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The atomic mass is equal to _.

• the number of protons only

• the number of neutrons only

• the total number of protons and neutrons

• the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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Particles in an atom that are neutral and have no charge are 

• negatrons 

• electrons 

• neutrons 

• protons 

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How many neutron are in the atom "K"?

• 29

• 19

• 58

• 20

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Potassium has a mass number of 39. How many protons does it have?

• 39

• 19

• 20

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The smallest subatomic particle

• Protons

• Neutrons

• Electrons

• Atoms

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An element has an atomic number of 9 and a mass of 19 amu. What is the number of protons this element has?

• 9

• 19

• 10

• 28

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What is represented by the letter T?

• Nucleus

• Electron

• Proton

• Neutrons

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What is represented by the letter S?

• Nucleus

• Electron

• Proton

• Neutrons

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What is represented by the letter R?

• Nucleus

• Electron

• Proton

• Neutrons

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What gives you the identity of an element?

• Mass

• Atomic number

• Protons

• Electrons

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An element has 3 electrons and a mass of 7. How many protons does this element have?

• 3

• 7

• 4

• 10

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Which subatomic particles contribute the most to the mass of an atom?

• Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

• Protons only

• Protons and Electrons

• Protons and Neutrons

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How many electrons does an atom of Krypton have?

• 36

• 83.80

• 48

• 119.80

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How many electrons does a Copper atom have?

• 63

• 29

• 92

• 34

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Typically in an atom, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?

• protons and neutrons

• all subatomic particles are equal in number

• neutrons and electrons

• protons and electrons

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How many protons are present in phosphorus?

• 15

• 16

• 31

• 46

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Lithium has 7 a.m.u. How many neutrons does this lithium have?

• 8

• 3

• 4

• 5

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Element A has a mass number of 100 while element B has an atomic number

of 118. What will be the number of electrons of element B?

• A. 59

• B. 60

• C. 118

• D. 120

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An atom becomes _________ when it gains electrons.

• Positive

• Negative

• Neutral

• Invinsible

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An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called ...

• a winner

• an isotope

• an ion

• a loser

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When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a

• positive ion

• negative ion

• neutral ion

• neutral atom

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If the number of protons and the number of electrons are equal, the net charge will be...

• Positive

• Neutral

• Negative

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An atom of oxygen has a - 2 charge, how many electrons does it have?

• 8

• 10

• 6

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An atom of fluorine has a -1 charge, how many protons does it have?

• 10

• 8

• 9

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Potassium has a mass number of 39. How many protons does it have?

• 39

• 19

• 20

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An element has 3 electrons and a mass of 7. How many protons does this element have?

• 3

• 7

• 4

• 10

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What is a positive ion called?

• positron

• pos-ion

• anion

• cation

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What is a negative ion called?

• negion

• negation

• anion

• cation

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Fluorine (F) has an atomic number of 9 and an atomic mass of 18.998. How many electrons does it have?

• 18

• 10

• 9

Match

Match the following

Li

He

Na

• Li

• He

• Na

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How many protons are in Silicon?

• 7

• 42

• 28

• 14

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How many neutrons are in Phosphorus?

• 16

• 15

• 31

• 46

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How many electrons are in Aluminium?

• 40

• 27

• 13

• 14

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Adding or subtracting electrons changes the elements overall charge and makes the element change into an...

• ion

• mixture

• isotope

• neutral atom

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A neutral atom of the element sodium has ____ electrons.

• 22

• 23

• 8

• 11

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How many electrons does a Copper atom have?

• 63

• 29

• 92

• 34

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How many neutrons does a Hydrogen atom have?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 0

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How many protons are present in phosphorus-31

• 15

• 16

• 31

• 46

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^{What does the 6 represent above the C}

• Symbol 

• Name 

• Mass Number 

• Atomic Number 

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A rule that states that atoms are most stable when they have a full shell

of electrons in the outside electron shell.

• Octet Rule

• Golden Rule

• Hund's Rule

• All of the above

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According to the Octet Rule, atoms of elements react with each other

in order to attain electrons in their outermost energy level or shell.

• 2

• 4

• 6

• 8

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The valence electrons of representative elements are

• In s orbitals only.

• Located in the outermost occupied major energy level.

• Located closest to the nucleus.

• Located in d orbitals

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How do you find the number of valence electrons in an atom?

• Use the Atomic Number

• Use the Group Number

• Use the Mass - Atomic number

• Use the Period Number

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Which of the following elements GAINS 3 electrons in order to attain an octet?

• nitrogen

• lithium

• boron

• oxygen

• fluorine

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Which of the following elements can EITHER GAIN or LOSE 4 electrons in order to attain an octet?

• silicon

• beryllium

• boron

• selenium

• chlorine

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Each of the following elements will LOSE ELECTRONS in order to attain an octet EXCEPT _______

• iodine

• magnesium

• potassium

• copper

• strontium

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When atoms GAIN electrons, they get a...

• Positive (+) charge

• Negative (-) charge

• No charge (zero)

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Fluorine gains 1 electron to satisfy the Octet Rule. What kind of ion is formed?

• Anion (-)

• Cation (+)

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What does Oxygen have to do to satisfy the Octet Rule? What would its charge be after? (TAKE YOUR TIME!)

• Lose 6 electrons, + 6

• Gain 8 electrons, - 8

• Lose 2 electrons, + 2

• Gain 2 electrons, - 2

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Which group already satisfies the Octet Rule and therefore does not bond with other atoms?

• Group 1 (H at top)

• Group 2 (Be at top)

• Group 13 (B at top)

• Group 18 (He at top)

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When anions and cations join together, what kind of bond is formed?

• Ionic

• Covalent

• Metallic

• Hydrogen

Multiple Choice

What is the charge of the Na ion based on its position on the Periodic Table?

• Neutral (zero)

• +1

• -1

• +11

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Beryllium (Be) is found in Group 2. What can Beryllium do in order to follow the Octet Rule? (Check ALL that work...)

• Gain 6 more valence electrons

• Gain 8 more valence electrons

• Lose 2 valence electrons

• Lose 8 valence electrons

Multiple Choice

Phosphorus (P) is in Group 5. How many MORE electrons does it need in order to follow the Octet Rule?

• 2 more valence electrons

• 5 more valence electrons

• 8 more valence electrons

• 3 more valence electrons

Multiple Choice

Do you think Nitrogen at the central already achieved an octet?

• Yes

• No

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Do you think Sulfur at the central already achieved an octet?

• Yes

• No