Common Substances: Chemical formulas and common names

Common Substances:
Chemical Formulas and
Common names

Two hydrogens and one oxygen make up 1 water molecule.

Pure water is a universal solvent. That means it dissolves many, many other substances.

All living things are made up of mostly water and Earth is over 70% water.

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​Pure Water: H₂O

Multiple Choice

Universal solvent means...

• The universe may be dissolved

• Nothing can be dissolved

• It can dissolve most things

• it can solve all problems

Multiple Choice

Water

• H₂O

• HO₂

• H_2OO

• H₂O₂

CO₂

​One Carbon atom and two Oxygen molecules.
Carbon dioxide is a gas at room temperature.

​Animals exhale carbon dioxide.

​Carbon Dioxide: CO₂

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true?

• Humans breathe in carbon dioxide.

• Animals breathe out carbon dioxide.

• Plants release carbon dioxide.

• No living things use carbon dioxide.

Multiple Choice

Carbon Dioxide

• CaDi

• CaO₂

• CO₂

• C₂O

2 Carbons, 22 Hydrogens, and 11 Oxygens

This is commonly known as table sugar, made from the sugar cane plant.

It dissolves in water at 20^o C.

It breaks apart at 186^o C and turns into caramel.

The suffix "ose" means sugar. There are different types of sugars such as fructose and glucose.

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Sucrose: C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

Multiple Choice

Sucrose

• C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

• C₂₂H₁₂O₁₂

• SuCr

• C₂H₁₁O₁₂

Multiple Choice

Sucrose is

• table salt

• artificial sweetener

• Sugar from agave plants

• Sugar from cane plants

2 molecules of oxygen
Its real chemical name is dioxygen
("di" means 2)
Oxygen atoms are never, ever singally on their own in nature because they are very unstable (explosive!)

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Oxygen: O₂

Multiple Choice

Oxygen

• Ox

• O₃

• Ox₂

• O₂

Multiple Choice

An oxygen atom is never alone because

• It is highly reactive without another atom

• It is lonely

• It is too small

• It is too fast

Also called sodium chloride.

Na is the chemical symbol for sodium.
Cl is the chemical symbol for chlorine.

1 atom of sodium and 1 atom of chlorine.

This is found in seawater and in many foods.

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​Table Salt: NaCl

Multiple Choice

Table salt

• sodium acetate

• sodium chloride

• salt chloride

• calcium chloride

Multiple Choice

Table salt (sodium chloride)

• TaSa

• NaCh

• NaCl

• NaCl₂

1 atom of sodium (Na)
1 atom of chlorine (Cl)
1 atom of oxygen (O)
Also called sodium hypochlorite
This is used in laundry to keep white clothes white.
It is also in some cleaning products.
Bleach is a strong base, and is toxic.

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Household bleach: NaClO

Multiple Choice

Household bleach

• HoBl

• NaBlO

• NaClO₂

• NaClO

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true about household bleach?

• It is very acidic but safe

• It keeps clothes colorful and is toxic

• It keeps clothes white and is a toxic base

• It can be used as a cleaner and can be put in Kool Aid

1 atom of hydrogen and 1 atom of chlorine

It is considered a weak acid, although is still relatively toxic.

Is used a lot in the chemical industry to clean things such as metals and bricks, and to make PVC plastics

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Hydrochloric Acid: HCl

Multiple Choice

Hydrochloric Acid

• HyCl

• HCl

• HCl₂

• H₂Cl

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true about hydrochloric acid?

• It is weak and has no known uses.

• It has many chemical uses including cleaning things

• It is safe to drink

• It is found in drinking water.

1 Nitrogen atom and 3 Hydrogen atoms
It is a gas that is lighter than air.
It is toxic.
When combined with water, it is a household cleaner.
It has many uses in the chemical world.

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​Ammonia: NH₃

Multiple Choice

Ammonia

• AmN₃

• NH₂

• N₃H

• NH₃

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true about ammonia?

• When not mixed with water, it is a gas

• It is always in liquid form.

• It is too powerful to use as a cleaner

• It is not powerful enough to harm anything

1 atom of sodium, 1 atom of Hydrogen, 1 atom of Carbon, 3 atoms of oxygen

Is also called sodium bicarbonate
Is a powder at room temperature
Is used in food products
Can be used for household cleaning and personal cleaning such as in toothpaste

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Baking Soda: NaHCO₃

Multiple Choice

Baking Soda

• NaHCO₃

• BaSo

• NaH₃CO₂

• BaHSo₃

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true about baking soda?

• It is also called sodium chloride and is in all toothpastes

• It is also called sodium bicarbonate and is in some toothpastes

• It is also called sodium bicarbonate and is too toxic to touch

• It is also called soda bicarbonate and is in cleaning supplies

1 atom of Hydrogen, 2 atoms of carbon, 3 more atoms of hydrogen, 2 oxygen molecules

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It is made by sugar changing to ethanol gas, then breaking down into vinegar, a weak acid.
Bacteria are what break sugars down into vinegar.

Vinegars can be used for household cleaning and in foods.

​Vinegar: HC₂H₃O₂

5% Solution

Multiple Choice

Vinegar

• VinG

• HCl₂H₃O₃

• HC₃H₂O3

• HC₂H₃O₂

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true about vinegar?

• It makes bacteria.

• It is made by bacteria breaking down sugars

• It is too toxic to drink

• It is created by bacteria breaking down salts