IB Psych Analyzing IA data

Multiple Choice

What is...a semi-structured interview?

• An interview conducted on a small group at the same time. 
• An interview method that involves asking questions in a way so the participant has to construct a narrative-type response. 
• An interview that has a guide and some structure, but there is freedom to deviate.
• An interview that has no structure.

Multiple Choice

____________refers to the extent to which the !findings can move from one context to another. This is a similar concept to generalizability as the “context” may refer to a setting or participants outside the original study.

• credibility

• generalizability

• triangulation

• transferability

Multiple Choice

What are observations made using our five senses called?

• Qualitative data

• Quantitative data

Multiple Choice

Independent measures designs have the problem of participant variability.  What does this mean?

• Participants are not the same as the general population and the results cannot be generalized.

• Participants drop out of the study because of boredom.

• Participants have different levels of skill, so some understand the directions better than others.

• Differences in the traits and past experiences of the participants in each condition may affect the results of the study.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not true of a repeated measures design?

• Fewer participants are needed than for an independent samples design.

• Participants are less likely to show demand characteristics than in an independent samples design.

• Participant variables are controlled.

• Participants are more likely to show order effects - such as improvement of a skill through practice - than in an independent samples design.

Multiple Choice

A researcher wants to find out if talking on a hands-free mobile phone affects one's driving ability.  Participants were asked to take a driving test in a driving simulator that monitored their mistakes.  In one condition, the participants were asked simply to take the driving test.  In the second condition, the participants were asked to dial up a friend and to have a conversation while taking the driving test.  Half the group did the first condition and half the group did the second condition. Then both groups took a one-hour break before taking the test again - but in the other condition.  What is the best description of the design of this study?

• A longitudinal case study

• A counterbalanced independent samples design

• A counterbalanced repeated measures design

• A counterbalanced matched pairs design

Open Ended

Is this study an experiment?  Why or why not?

Open Ended

What type of sample was used? Could this sample be biased? How might this affect the results?

Open Ended

What was the control group used in this study?  Was this a good choice?

Open Ended

What is one limitation of this study?

Open Ended

What other examples of behavior can you think of that this study might explain?

Multiple Choice

The ethical guideline for research in which participants must agree to be a part of the study is known as

• Informed consent

• Confidentiality

• Free from harm

• Debriefing

Multiple Choice

Choose the type of experiment that has the highest reliability.

• Laboratory experiment

• Field experiment

• Natural experiment

Multiple Choice

The names of the participants in a research experiment must be kept secret is an ethical guideline known as

• Debriefing

• Free from harm

• Informed Consent

• Confidentiality

Multiple Choice

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research experiment is known as

• replication

• operational definition

• hypothesis

• standardization

Multiple Choice

The level of difficulty of psychology is significantly different to the level of difficulty of biology. This is an example of a....

• 2 Tailed Hypothesis

• 1 Tailed Hypothesis

• Null Hypothesis

Multiple Choice

Squidward found new reeds to tryout for his clarinet.  He used an APPLAUSOMETER to measure applause after playing  Under the Sea with each reed.  The results were put in the table.
What was the dependent variable?

• The Song
• The Reed
• The Applause

Multiple Choice

Choose the type of experiment that has the highest ecological validity.

• Laboratory experiment

• Field experiment

• Natural experiment

The assessment criteria

5-6 Marks
Descriptive and inferential statistics are appropriately and accurately applied.
The graph is correctly presented and addresses the hypothesis.
The statistical findings are interpreted with regard to the data and linked to the hypothesis.

Tips for doing well on your analysis

Tip 1: Discuss the data.

In the analysis, you must describe the data that you obtained.  Were there outliers? Why do we think that those outliers exist? Maybe there is a bimodal distribution of the data. Why might that be true? It may also be that there is a difference between the two groups, but the data is not significant. Why might that be true? What if the data is significant but the researchers feel that they cannot discount that other factors may have influenced the data? Could it be that the results are mathematically significant but perhaps not a good predictor of behavior?

Tip 2: If you have nothing to say about it, leave it out.

You will need to put a table with appropriate descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode) as well as a measure of distribution (range, standard deviation, variance) to describe your data. You do not have to include all of the measures of central tendency. If it is not important to understand the data, don't include it.  For example, the mode of the number of words remembered from a list is probably not highly important  - so do not include it.

Tips for doing well on your analysis

Tip 3: The graph must reflect the hypothesis.

The reader should be able to read your hypothesis and then flip to your graph and see your results. Please remember that there should be one graph. You should not include, for example, graphs that show gender differences, even if that data looks interesting. It is also important that you do not simply graph all of your raw data. Your graph should "answer the research question."

Tip 4: End the analysis with a statement of conclusion that reflects the hypothesis and addresses the target population.

Finally, the report should end with a conclusion. The conclusion should clearly state what was found. A typical conclusion might look like this:

Example: As a result of our study, we can conclude at a p ≤ 0.01 level of significance that playing music while trying to rehearse a list of 40 words has a negative effect on international teenagers' recall.

Becareful

Because of the importance of the word "significance" in experimental research, please be careful that you do not use it in any other manner other than to discuss inferential statistics. It is inappropriate to write in your descriptive statistics section that the means are significantly different, without having applied inferential statistics to know if this is true.

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