ES 2.2 LESSON What is Matter?

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Environmental Science, 1e
SUSTAINING YOUR WORLD
G. TYLER MILLER | SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN

2

Science, Matter, Energy, and

Systems

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• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

– Exists in three physical states: solid, liquid, gas

– Two chemical forms: elements (all the same atoms) or compounds

(combinations of more than one type of atom)

2.2 What Is Matter?

Multiple Select

Matter is anything that ____ and _____.

• has mass

• you can think of

• takes up space

• has energy

Dropdown

​

Select answer

is made of more than one type of atom.

​

Select answer

is only made from one type of atom.

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• Elements cannot be broken down into

simpler forms by chemical means.

– Represented by a one- or two-letter symbol

(C=carbon, Au=gold) - first letter capital, second letter lowercase

• Arranged in periodic table based on chemical

behavior

• Currently 118 elements, not all of which occur

naturally

• Compounds: two or more different

elements held together in fixed proportions

Elements and Compounds

Multiple Select

Which of these can not be symbols for elements on the periodic table?

• At

• JL

• Mre

• Nh

• Y

Drag and Drop

​

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are made of two or more ​

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held together in ​

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proportions

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

compounds

elements

fixed

changing

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• An atom is the smallest building block of

matter that an element can have that will still
retain its chemical properties.

– Each atom has three subatomic particles:

• Neutrons (no electric charge, inside nucleus)

• Protons (positive electric charge, inside nucleus)

• Electrons (negative electric charge, move rapidly

outside nucleus)

– Each atom has a small central nucleus that

contains its protons and neutrons.

Atom: Basic Building Block of Matter

Categorize

Options (6)

positive charge, in the nucleus

no charge, in the nucleus

outside the nucleus

move rapidly

positive charge, outside the nucleus

no charge, outside the nucleus

Organize these options into the right subatomic particle category.

Proton

Neutron

Electron

none of these

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• Atomic number: the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus
• Mass number: the total number of neutrons and protons in an

atom’s nucleus

• Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number, but a

different mass number (the same number of protons but a
different number of neutrons).

Atomic Number, Atomic Mass, and Isotopes

Multiple Choice

_____ of an element have the same number of protons, but have different numbers of neutrons.

• Ions

• Mass Number

• Isotopes

• Molecules

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Structure of Atoms

Labelling

Label the subatomic particles on the atom.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

neutron

electron

crouton

proton

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• A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms of the same

or different elements held together by forces known as
chemical bonds.

Molecule: Second Building Block of Matter

Drag and Drop

A ​

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is a type of ​

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.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

compound

molecule

Multiple Choice

Molecules are held together by

• physical bonds

• atoms

• chemical bonds

• gravity

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• An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a net positive or

negative charge.

– Superscript number: number of positive/negative electrical charges

– Important for measuring a substance’s acidity in a water solution

(pH)

Ion: Third Building Block of Matter

​positive 4 charge
(lost 4 electrons)

​negative 2 charge
(gained 2 electrons)

Match

Match the following

• lost 1 electron

• gained 1 electron

• lost 2 electrons

• gained 2 electrons

Na⁺

Cl^-

Ca²⁺

O^2-

• Na⁺

• Cl^-

• Ca²⁺

• O^2-

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• The concentration (amount) of hydrogen ions (H+) and

hydroxide ions (OH−) in a substance

– Measured with a scale known as pH

– An acidic solution has a pH below 7 and a basic solution has a pH

above 7

– A neutral solution has a pH of 7

Acidity

Match

Match the following

• acid

• neutral

• base

pH below 7

pH 7

pH above 7

• pH below 7

• pH 7

• pH above 7

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pH Scale

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• In chemistry, organic compounds are

carbon-based compounds that contain at
least two carbon atoms combined with atoms
of one or more other elements (except CH4).

– Hydrocarbons: compounds of carbon and

hydrogen atoms

– Simple carbohydrates: contain carbon, hydrogen,

and oxygen

– Polymers (complex carbohydrates): simple

organic compounds (monomers) bonded together

Molecules of Life

Multiple Choice

To be classified as an organic compound, an molecule must contain ____.

• oxygen

• hydrogen

• carbon

• no pesticides

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• What are the major types of polymers?

– Proteins: formed by amino acids

– Nucleic acids: formed by nucleotides (DNA and RNA)

– Lipids (fats, waxes): essential macromolecules not made of

monomers

Polymers Are Essential to Life

Drag and Drop

​

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are polymers made of ​

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​

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, like DNA and RNA, are polymers made of ​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

proteins

amino acids

nucleic acids

nucleotides

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Monomers and Polymers

Multiple Choice

Which is the best analogy for monomers and polymers?

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• Physical changes, such as changes in size or state (ice to

water), do not involve changes in chemical composition.

• Chemical changes (reactions) involve changes in chemical

composition of the substances involved.

– Chemists use a chemical equation to show how the chemicals

involved are arranged in a chemical reaction.

Physical and Chemical Changes

Drag and Drop

A ​

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change results in a new substance.



A ​

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change does not result in a new substance.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

chemical

physical

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A Chemical Equation: Coal → CO2

Labelling

Label the two halves of a chemical reaction.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

products

reactants

divisors

additives

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• Law of conservation of matter

– Physical or chemical changes can take place in chemical reactions,

but no atoms are created or destroyed in the process.

We Cannot Create or Destroy Atoms

Drag and Drop

In a chemical reactions, atoms may be​

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, but they cannot be ​

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Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

rearranged

created or destroyed