Mexico Becomes Independent III

Mexico Becomes Independent

Lesson 3: The End of Spanish Rule

Open Ended

Who called for rebellion against Spain, and why?

​In this lesson, you will...

learn why Mexican independence was important for Texas, and the lasting effects of Spanish rule on the region.

McGraw Hill Texas History

For this lesson, you will be reading:
Chapter 7: Mexico Becomes Independent
Lesson 3: The End of Spanish Rule

Remember to use your AVID notes for this lesson.

In 1820 a rebellion began in Spain.

Military leaders tried to force the country’s ruler, King Ferdinand, to accept a constitution.

This constitution would have limited royal powers. A civil war broke out between the king’s supporters and his opponents.

Because of this conflict, Spain paid little attention to the needs of the Mexican people.

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Countless people from across Mexico, such as church officials, joined the revolution.

In 1820 Agustín de Iturbide took command of the revolutionary army.

In February 1821, Iturbide issued his plan to establish a Mexican empire.

Iturbide’s Plan de Iguala offered people of Mexico three guarantees, or promises, and a plan for government.

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Plan de Iguala

Guarantees:
The Mexican people would be independent from Spain.
The Mexican people would unite, with equal rights for mestizos and
criollos.
Mexico would be a Catholic nation.

Plan of Government:
Government would be a constitutional monarchy with an elected congress of representatives.

Open Ended

Who was Agustín de Iturbide and what did he do ?

In the summer of 1821, the Spanish viceroy was replaced. His successor was Juan O’Donojú.

O’Donojú arrived in July and quickly realized that the Spanish could not defeat the Mexican revolutionaries.

O’Donojú agreed to a treaty with Iturbide. The two leaders signed the Treaty of Córdoba on August 24, 1821.

This treaty created the independent nation of Mexico, and ended colonial rule in Texas. The former Spanish province of Texas became a territory of a free Mexico.

Open Ended

Why did the Spanish viceroy agree to a treaty with Iturbide?

Spain’s influence is deeply rooted in Texas culture, traditions, and people.

The first European language to be used in North America, beginning 500 years ago, was Spanish.

Nearly 40 percent of Texas’s population is Hispanic. Family names such as Garcia, Hernandez, Martinez, and Gonzalez are some of the most common names in the country now.

Nearly 6 million Texans today have Spanish names.

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Cattle ranches in Texas adopted Spanish ranching methods and equipment, such as chaps and lariats.

Chaps are leather leggings that offer protection from spiny plants.

Mexican vaqueros, or cowboys, made the first long cattle drives.

In Texas, settlers were quick to adopt Spanish customs. They created a distinct Tejano culture that continues in the state today.

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Open Ended

What was the first European language to be used in North America?

Multiple Choice

The road the Spanish called El Camino Real stretched from _____.

• Dallas to Houston

• Austin to Amarillo

• Nacogchoches to Laredo

• Brownsville to El Paso

Multiple Choice

What characteristic defined someone as a criollo?

• being Mexican of Spanish descent

• being of mixed Spanish and Native American heritage

• coming originally from the United States

• supporting the Mexican independence movement

Multiple Choice

One example of Spanish influence on Texas is the state's _____.

• Native Americans

• place names

• office of governor

• cotton industry

Multiple Choice

The _____ ended Spanish rule Mexico.

• New Mexico Treaty

• Treaty of New Orleans

• Treaty of Córdoba

• Adams-Onís Treaty

Multiple Choice

People of mixed Spanish and Native American heritage were known as _____.

• mestizos

• Tejanos

• criollos

• Texians

Multiple Choice

Mexico won its independence from Spain on August 24 of what year?

• 1836

• 1821

• 1811

• 1845

Multiple Choice

At the end of Spain's rule, _____ was the largest settlement in Texas.

• Goliad

• Houston

• Nacogdoches

• San Antonio

Multiple Choice

A long, light rope with a noose on the end used for catching cattle is called a _____.

• lariat

• vaquero

• cuerda

• snare

Multiple Choice

_____ is a Spanish term for cowboy.

• lariat

• vaquero

• cuerda

• snare

Multiple Choice

Agustín de Iturbide's Plan de Iguala confirmed the Mexican people's devotion to the _____ Church.

• Spanish

• Catholic

• Protestant

• Orthodox