Sentence Structure

Feedback: the summary

Folk tale is the old stories pass down from generation to generation and

change the style and have local difference.

For example: YuGong removing the mountain.

​How to improve: information & sentence

Feedback: the summary

The definition of folktale is an old story and a traditional story that is passed down orally, the version of the story might be different between towns. Different versions will reflect communal traits reflected by the community it come from.

An example is the oral version of the Grimm fairytale. The Grimm Brothers recorded the folktale from Germany. However, while they wrote in the books, they changed the traits of the folktale, therefore it’s a kind of fairytale in the book.

​How to improve: the selection of information

Feedback: the summary

This lecture is about a part of literature class. It is mainly about the differences between folktales and fairy tales. The speaker first defined the folk tales which are old stories, traditional stories and passed down orally within cultures from generation to generation. After defined, he mentioned that the folk tales are communal because they reflect the traits and the concerns of a particular community at a particular time, and the same tale could be told in different communities, with certain aspects of the tale adapted to fit the specific community, but the detail will not be change. These small changes depend on the audience.

​How to improve: language

Feedback: the summary

Folk tales and fairy tales are two types of literature inextricably linked. Folk tales are traditional stories passed down orally over generations, changing and reflecting distinct community characteristics. They follow a similar premise but differ in setting and characters according to different cultures.

Feedback: the summary

On the other hand, fairy tales, with improbable events and undefined, timeless environments, are less realistic. While some were originally told orally, written versions changed, obtaining formal language and losing cultural traits. Their authors became recognizable, which made them more global and less adaptive to individual groups. However, character and setting descriptions also became more complete.

Feedback: the summary

Moreover, folk tales were initially written for adults, whereas fairy tales were adapted for children. This shift was caused by fairy tales' transformation to and preservation of the textual form, making them more accessible to a wider audience.

• relisten, and comprehend the information in listening (very important-especially if you did not quite get it in class) - you may refer to the script at this moment.

• take notes again, and select the information you need to include

• wirte the summary, as if your reader didn't know anything. Use your own language, try not to refer back to the listening script.

For the summary of listening

Sentence Structure

Key reading skill consolidation

Multiple Choice

[Question review]

In fact, humans drove alligators to near extinction in many of their marsh and swamp habitats in North America

• It is a fact that humans forced alligators to live in North America’s marshes and swamps.

• Many alligators were killed when people built roads and drove cars through their habitats.

• People almost destroyed the native alligator population in many North American environments.

• In North America, humans and alligators rarely choose to live together in the same area.

key word:

​drive [V.]

Open Ended

What are the steps to complete a Sentence Simplification question in reading?

hint: - What do you need to read in the text sentence?

• -Do you read everything in sentences in four choices?

• - What do you focus on in reading the sentences?

Sentence simplification

1. read carefully the sentence in the text, find out the main clause and its subject, verb and object (if there is one).

2. comprehend the sentence. Paraphrasing in sentence structure could be:

   change of voice:

   "Reading broadens one's horizon."

   -> "One's horizon can be broadened by reading."

   change of verb:

   "The room is warm enough for them to stay."

   ->"They can stay in this room that's warm enough."

how to analyze a sentence?

​English sentence is easy!

• subject and verb is a MUST.

• if it's a long sentence including a clause, there must a main clause.

Multiple Choice

What's the subject of the following sentence:

If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, ...

• the pores

• the water

• exist

• drops

Open Ended

What linkers are there in this sentence? (words that show you connections in sentences)

If the pores are large. the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold. and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.

Multiple Choice

If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.

• Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it is strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores.

• Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small size pores through surface tension.

• Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film.

• If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist.

Multiple Choice

Which word can replace nevertheless:

For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.

• moreover

• although

• however

• therefore

Fill in the Blanks

What does they refer to?:

For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.

Multiple Choice

For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.

• A society’s rites were more likely to be retained in the oral tradition if its myths were admired for artistic qualities. 

• The artistic quality of a myth was sometimes an essential reason for a society to abandon it from the oral tradition.

• Some early societies stopped using myths in their religious practices when rites ceased to be seen as useful for social well-being.

• Myths sometimes survived in a society’s tradition because of their artistic qualities even after they were no longer deemed religiously beneficial.