Physical Science Final Exam Review

Multiple Choice

Constant

• A factor that does not change during an experiment.
• A variable that is always changing.
• A variable that is not important to the experiment.
• A variable that is difficult to measure.

Multiple Choice

Hypothesis

• A proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
• A proposed explanation for a phenomenon that is not supported by evidence.
• A guess about what might happen in an experiment.
• A statement that is not testable.

Multiple Choice

A statement of what is seen, heard, or measured.

• Observation
• Symposium
• Experiment
• Share work

Multiple Choice

A system of measurement based on the meter, kilogram, and second.

• Metric system
• Data table
• Hypothesis
• Data

Multiple Choice

The outcome of an experiment.

• Results
• Graph
• Observation
• Symposium

Multiple Choice

A factor that can change during an experiment.

• Variable
• Independent variable
• Conclusion
• Data table

Multiple Choice

Dependent variable

• The variable that is affected by the independent variable.
• The variable that is not affected by the independent variable.
• The variable that is not important to the experiment.
• The variable that is difficult to measure.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of collecting quantitative data?

• Asking people to rate their experiences on a scale of 1 to 5.
• Conducting open-ended interviews.
• Eating potato chips and describing the taste.
• Scrolling through social media looking for funny gifs.

Multiple Choice

Interpret the process of data.

• Analysis

• Metric system

• Question

• Question

Multiple Choice

Research

• The process of gathering information to answer a question.

• The process of gathering information to answer a question that is not scientific.

• The process of gathering information to answer a question that is unanswerable.

• The process of gathering information to answer a question that is not objective.

Multiple Choice

What does 'Qualitative data' refer to?

• Data that is based on qualities, characteristics, and descriptors.

• Data that can be measured and written down with numbers.

• Data that is not accurate.

• Data that is difficult to understand.

Multiple Select

Select all of the TRUE statements:

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

• Matter consists of small particles called atoms.

• Three types of matter include solids, liquids, and gases.

• Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Multiple Choice

Which letter shows the ball when it has MAXIMUM potential energy?

• A

• B

• D

• G

Ionic Bonds

Gain or Lose Valence Electrons

Octet Rule

Ions

Cation and Anion

Open Ended

Why do atoms join to form bonds?

Valence electrons are the outer electrons on an atom!

In the picture to the right there are 2 electrons

Multiple Choice

Valence electrons are:

• Electrons farthest away from the nucleus

• Electrons closest to the nucleus

• Electrons that just come and go - they don't stay with the atom

• Electrons in the second shell

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons does Nitrogen Have?

• 1 Valence electron

• 2 Valence electrons

• 3 Valence electrons

• 4 Valence electrons

• 5 Valence electrons

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons does Hydrogen Have?

• 1 Valence electron

• 2 Valence electrons

• 3 Valence electrons

• 4 Valence electrons

• 5 Valence electrons

Multiple Choice

Which group has the greatest number of valence electrons?

• 1

• 14

• 18

• 16

Multiple Choice

USE THE PERIODIC TABLE

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

• 4

• 12

• 6

• 14

Multiple Choice

An ionic bond is the attraction between:

• oppositely charged ions

• similarly charged ions

• neutral ions

• neutral atoms

Multiple Choice

A covalent bond forms when atoms ___________ electrons.

• gain

• share

• increase

• transfer

Multiple Choice

Which letter represents wavelength?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What is another name for wave height?

• Amplitude

• Origin

• Wavelength

• Frequency

Multiple Choice

If a wave has a greater frequency, what happens to number of waves per second?

• decreases

• increases

• stays the same

Multiple Choice

Frequency is always measured in _________

• kilometers

• Hertz

• centimeters

Draw

Draw a picture of an atom.

Label: electrons, protons, and neutrons.

A review of a MOLECULE

Molecule: when 2 or more ATOMS bond together

Multiple Choice

Which letter shows the ball when it has the LEAST potential energy?

• A

• B

• D

• G

H₂ O₂ H₂O CO NaCl

These are all chemical FORMULAS that represent molecules

Match

Identify each model by the scientist who theorized it

Thomson

Rutherford

Bohr

• Thomson

• Rutherford

• Bohr

Multiple Choice

Two or more atoms bonded together is a....

• element

• atom

• molecule

• bond

Multiple Choice

A baby carriage is sitting at the top of a hill that is 2 m high.

The carriage with the baby in it weighs 4 kg.

Calculate how much potential energy the carriage with baby has. (Use g = 10 m/s^2)

PE = mgh

• 800 J

• 8 J

• 80 J

• 40 J

Chemical Bonds

Bonding is how ATOMS join together to create everything around us.

Almost everything around us is a molecule.

Fill in the Blanks

3 types of Bonds: Ionic, Covalent, Metallic

We are going to start by focusing on Ionic Bonds ONLY

Explanation Slide...

The potential energy of the carriage with baby is calculated using the following formula:Potential energy = mass x gravity x heightWhere:Mass = 4 kgGravity = 10 m/s^2Height = 2 mSubstituting these values into the formula, we get:Potential energy = 4 kg 10 m/s^2 2 m = 80 JTherefore, the carriage with baby has 80 Joules of potential energy.

Ionic Bonds = Atoms GAIN or LOSE electrons

Ionic Bonding happens when an atom GIVES 1 or more Valence Electrons away to another atom who then GAINS 1 or more Valence Electrons

Multiple Select

Select all of the TRUE statements:

• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

• Matter consists of small particles called atoms.

• Three types of matter include solids, liquids, and gases.

• Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Multiple Choice

In an Ionic Bond Valence Electrons are what?

• created

• destroyed

• gained or lost

• shared

Multiple Choice

There is a bell at the top of a tower that is 20 m high.

The bell weighs 100 kg. The bell has potential energy.

Calculate it. (Assume Gravity = 10 m/s^2)

PE = mgh

• 20,000 J

• 2000 J

• 200,000 J

Why do Atoms gain or lose electrons?

OCTET Rule: Every atom is unstable.

For an atom to become stable they need 8 Valence Electrons.

They complete this task by giving away or receiving electrons.

Multiple Choice

Calculate the density of the cube.

• 2 g/cm³

• 4 g/cm³

• 6 g/cm³

• 8 g/cm³

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons does an atom need to become stable?

• 2

• 4

• 6

• 8

Explanation Slide...

To calculate the potential energy of the bell, we can use the following formula:Potential energy = mass x gravity x heightWhere:Mass = 100 kgGravity = 10 m/s^2Height = 20 mSubstituting these values into the formula, we get:Potential energy = 100 kg 10 m/s^2 20 m = 20000 JTherefore, the bell has 20000 Joules of potential energy.Another way to think about this is that the bell has the potential to do 20000 Joules of work if it were to fall to the ground.

Ionic Bonds happen between a Metal and a Nonmetal

The METAL atom gives away electrons

The NONMETAL atom receives the electrons

Draw

Draw a picture of an atom.

Label: electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Multiple Choice

Is Sodium Na the Metal or the Nonmetal in the Ionic Bond? How do you know

• Metal

• Nonmetal

Multiple Choice

You serve a volleyball with a mass of 2 kg.

The ball leaves your hand with a speed of 30 m/s.

The ball has kinetic energy.

Calculate it.

KE = 1/2mv^2

• 60 J

• 1800 J

• 900 J

Charged ATOMS are called IONS

When an ATOM gains an ELECTRON it becomes NEGATIVELY CHARGED

When an ATOM loses an ELECTRON it becomes POSITIVELY CHARGED

Multiple Choice

What is the density of a liquid that has a mass of 27g and a volume of 30ml?

• 0.9 g/ml
• 3 g/ml
• 57 g/ml
• 810 g/ml

Cation

Atoms that lose electrons become Positively Charged and are called CATIONS

Explanation Slide...

The kinetic energy of the volleyball can be calculated using the following formula:Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity^2Where:Mass = 2 kgVelocity = 30 m/sSubstituting these values into the formula, we get:Kinetic energy = 1/2 x 2 kg x (30 m/s)^2 = 900 JTherefore, the kinetic energy of the volleyball is 900 Joules.This means that the volleyball has the potential to do 900 Joules of work if it were to collide with something.

Anion

Atoms that GAIN electrons become NEGATIVELY Charged and called Anions

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

Ionic Bonds occur between what two types of atoms?

• metals and metals

• Non metals and Non metals

• Metals and Non Metals

• unknown

Multiple Choice

A car is traveling with a velocity of 20 m/s and has a weight (mass) of 1000 kg. Calculate how much kinetic energy the car has.

KE = 1/2mv^2

• 200,000 J

• 100,000 J

• 400,000 J

Multiple Choice

Positively charged Atoms are called?

• cations

• anions

Multiple Choice

what is the volume of the cube?

• 123

• 144

• 244

• 150

Multiple Choice

negatively charged atoms are called?

• cations

• anions

Explanation Slide...

To calculate the kinetic energy of the car, we can use the following formula:Kinetic energy = 1/2 mass velocity^2Where:Mass = 1000 kgVelocity = 20 m/sSubstituting these values into the formula, we get:Kinetic energy = 1/2 1000 kg 20 m/s^2 = 200000 JTherefore, the kinetic energy of the car is 200,000 Joules.This means that the car has the potential to do 200,000 Joules of work if it were to collide with something.

If an atom gives away 1 electron its charge becomes +1

Multiple Choice

Calculate the density of the cube.

• 2 g/cm³

• 4 g/cm³

• 6 g/cm³

• 8 g/cm³

If an atom gains 1 electron its charge becomes -1

​

Multiple Choice

A bar of copper has a mass of 216g and a volume of 24cm³. What is the density of copper?  

• 9g/cm3
• .11g/cm3
• 5184g/cm3
• 322mL

If an atom gives away 2 electrons its charge becomes +2

​

Multiple Choice

what is the volume of the cube?

• 123

• 144

• 244

• 150

If an atom gains 2 electrons its charge becomes -2

​

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of 150 grams of lead if it has a density of 11.3 g/cm³?

• 13.3 g
• 13.3 cm³
• .075 g
• 1695 cm³

Multiple Choice

Is Fluorine F the cation or the anion in the Ionic Bond? how do you know?

• cation

• anion

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of the rock?

• 30cm³
• 10cm³
• 40cm³
• 20cm³

Multiple Choice

At atom that GAINS 1 electron will have what charge?

• +1

• +2

• -1

• -2

Multiple Choice

If a block of wood has a density of 0.6 g/cm³ and a mass of 120 g, what is its volume?

• 200 cm³
• 0.005 cm³
• 200.0 ml
• 72 ml

Multiple Choice

At atom loses 2 electrons, its charge becomes what

• +1

• +2

• -1

• -2

Multiple Choice

What is the density of a liquid that has a mass of 27g and a volume of 30ml?

• 0.9 g/ml
• 3 g/ml
• 57 g/ml
• 810 g/ml

Recap of all things IONIC BONDING

Metals give away electrons become cations

Non metals gain electrons become anions

When atoms lose or gain electrons they become charged and turn into IONS

Opposite charges attract one another and is what BONDS atoms together to form molecules

Every ATOM is trying to fill their OCTET (8 valence electrons)

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of Object X?

• 10.0 cm³
• 15.0 cm³
• 20.0 cm³
• 25.0 cm³

Match

Look at the periodic table. Count how many columns are in the 's', 'p', and 'd' blocks.

How many columns did you find?

• s

• p

• d

2

6

10

• 2

• 6

• 10

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of the rock?

• 30cm³
• 10cm³
• 40cm³
• 20cm³

Multiple Choice

How many electrons go in the first shell (ring) ?

• 6

• 8

• 4

• 2

Multiple Choice

How many electrons go in the first shell (ring) ?

• 6

• 8

• 4

• 2

Match

Match the following:

• s shell

• p shell

• d shell

2 electrons

6 electrons

10 electrons

• 2 electrons

• 6 electrons

• 10 electrons

Multiple Choice

This is a Bohr Diagram of Aluminum. How many valence electrons does Aluminum have?

• 3

• 4

• 5

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons does Lithium (Li) have?

• 8

• 1

• 5

• 2

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons does Tin (Sn) have?

• 8

• 7

• 5

• 4

Multiple Choice

What element has the following electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹?

• Ca⁺²

• Ca

• Mg

• Na

• Ar

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons does Lithium (Li) have?

• 8

• 1

• 5

• 2

Multiple Choice

Neutrons have a ________ charge.

• positive

• neutral

• negative

Match

Match the following:

• s shell

• p shell

• d shell

2 electrons

6 electrons

10 electrons

• 2 electrons

• 6 electrons

• 10 electrons

Multiple Select

What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture? Select all that apply.

• substances are made of many different things while mixtures are just made of 1

• a substance has one type of particle while a mixture has 2 or more types

• a mixture is physically combined and can be physically separated while a substance is chemically bonded

• a mixture is chemically bonded together while a substance is physically combined

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct electron configuration for Chlorine (Cl).

• 1s² 2s² 2p¹

• 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²

• 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

Multiple Choice

This is a Bohr Diagram of Aluminum. How many valence electrons does Aluminum have?

• 3

• 4

• 5

Multiple Choice

Look at the periodic table. Count how many columns on the periodic table are in the "p" block. How many columns did you find?

• 10

• 2

• 6

• 4

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons does Bromine (Br) have?

• 5

• 6

• 7

• 8

Multiple Choice

What is the noble gas configuration for Sulfur?

• [Ar] 3p⁴
• [He] 3s² 3p⁴
• [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴
• [Na] 3s² 3p⁴
  

Multiple Choice

Name this element.

• Neon

• Magnesium

• Sodium

• Manganese

Multiple Choice

What element has the following electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²?

• Ca⁺²

• Ca

• Mg

• Na

• Ar

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Open Ended

Type 2 sentences summarizing what you learned from this lesson.

Multiple Choice

If I pour milk into a glass, filling it halfway, and then I pour more in, does the volume change?

• yes

• no

Multiple Choice

Chemical properties describe matter’s ability to change in reaction to something else.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

If I leave milk out, will I be able to drink it in a month?

• yes

• no

Multiple Choice

Neutrons have a ________ charge.

• positive

• neutral

• negative

Multiple Select

What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture? Select all that apply.

• substances are made of many different things while mixtures are just made of 1

• a substance has one type of particle while a mixture has 2 or more types

• a mixture is physically combined and can be physically separated while a substance is chemically bonded

• a mixture is chemically bonded together while a substance is physically combined

Multiple Choice

Identify the following

• compound

• homogeneous mixture

• element

• heterogeneous mixture

Multiple Choice

What pure substance is made of 2 or more types of atoms?

• compound

• element

Multiple Choice

Freezing is what happens when

• a liquid changes to solid

• gas changes to liquid

• solid changes to liquid

Match

Match the following

• mass

• matter

• mixture

• volume

amount of material in a substance

substance that has both mass and volume

2 substances physically combined

amount of space an object takes up

• amount of material in a substance

• substance that has both mass and volume

• 2 substances physically combined

• amount of space an object takes up

Multiple Choice

The definition of Mass is

• The temperature of an object.

• The force of gravity on an object.

• The amount of matter in an object.

Match

Match the following

• Atom

• Element

• Molecules

• Compounds

Smallest particle that makes up matter.

Matter containing only one type of atom

Atoms join together to form new particle

Combined atoms from different elements

• Smallest particle that makes up matter.

• Matter containing only one type of atom

• Atoms join together to form new particle

• Combined atoms from different elements

Match

Identify each model by the scientist who theorized it

Thomson

Rutherford

Bohr

• Thomson

• Rutherford

• Bohr

Multiple Choice

Whose model suggested that negative particles were mixed in with positively charged material - like seeds in a watermelon?

• J.J. Thomson

• Ernest Rutherford

• Niels Bohr

• Albert Einstein

Multiple Choice

Who discovered that the atom had an small, dense, positively charged center?

• Ernest Rutherford

• J.J Thomson

• Robert Millikan

• John Dalton

Multiple Choice

What can you conclude from the fact that scientists continue to update the atomic model?

• New information about atoms continues to be discovered
• Old information about atoms is completely useless
• Scientists did not have any information about atoms until a few years ago
• Scientists still have no idea what atoms look like

Multiple Choice

Who named the positive center of the atom the "nucleus?"

• Democritus

• Dalton

• Thomson

• Rutherford

Multiple Choice

In the atomic model nicknamed the "plum pudding" model, what do the plums represent?

• the nucleus

• the atom

• the electrons

• the positive material

Multiple Choice

Who proposed that electrons move around the nucleus in circular orbits?

• Dalton

• Thomson

• Rutherford

• Bohr